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Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>) infection is the main cause of chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer in children. Little is known about the effect of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> on gastric microbiota in children with duodenal ulcer. This study is aimed at the characteristics of gastric microbiota in children with duodenal ulcer on <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 23 children diagnosed with duodenal ulcer by gastric endoscopy because of the gastrointestinal symptoms, 15 children were diagnosed with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection, while 8 children were without <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection. Endoscopic mucosal biopsy samples were obtained for DNA extraction. Microbiomes were analyzed by 16S rRNA profiling and microbial functions were predicted using the software Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial richness and diversity of gastric microbiota in duodenal ulcer with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-positive were lower than those negative. The gastric microbiota in <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-positive group significantly reduced proportions of six phyla and fifteen genera; only <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> taxa were more abundant in <jats:italic>H. pylori-<\/jats:italic>positive group. Co-expression network analysis showed a more complex network of interactions in the <jats:italic>H. pylori-<\/jats:italic>positive group than that in the <jats:italic>H. pylori-<\/jats:italic>negative group. For the predicted functions, lower abundance in the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism, signal transduction, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism were found in <jats:italic>H. pylori-<\/jats:italic>positive group than the <jats:italic>H. pylori-<\/jats:italic>negative group. <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> colonization reduces a microbial community with genotoxic potential in the gastric mucosa of children with duodenal ulcer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> significantly influences gastric microbiota and results in a lower abundance of multiple taxonomic levels in children with duodenal ulcer. Children with duodenal ulcer exhibit a dysbiotic microbial community with genotoxic potential, which is distinct from that of children with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>[<jats:ext-link>http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn<\/jats:ext-link>], identifier [ChiCTR1800015190].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.853184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T10:24:34Z","timestamp":1650882274000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Effects of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Gastric Microbiota in Children With Duodenal Ulcer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenya","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gao","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fubang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mizu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.17616","article-title":"Etiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of acute bacterial meningitis in children: a 10-year referral hospital-based study in northwest iran.","volume":"16","author":"Abdinia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med. 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