{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T03:04:26Z","timestamp":1765422266334,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81871637","82072272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871637","82072272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The transmission of Unique Recombinant Forms (URFs) has complicated the molecular epidemic of HIV-1. This increasing genetic diversity has implications for prevention surveillance, diagnosis, and vaccine design. In this study, we characterized the HIV-1 URFs from 135 newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected cases between 2016 and 2020 in Shenyang, northeast China and analyzed the evolutionary relationship of them by phylogenetic and recombination approaches. Among 135 URFs, we found that the CRF01_AE\/CRF07_BC recombinants were the most common (81.5%, 110\/135), followed by CRF01_AE\/B (11.9%, 16\/135), B\/C (3.7%, 5\/135), and others (3.0%, 4\/135). 94.8% (128\/135) of patients infected by URFs were through homosexual contact. Among 110 URFs_0107, 60 (54.5%) formed 11 subclusters (branch support value\u2009=\u20091) and shared the consistent recombination structure, respectively. Four subclusters have caused small-scale spread among different high-risk populations. Although the recombination structures of URFs_0107 are various, the hotspots of recombinants gathered between position 2,508 and 2,627 (relative to the HXB2 position). Moreover, the CRF07_BC and CRF01AE fragments of URFs_0107 were mainly derived from the MSM population. In brief, our results reveal the complex recombinant modes and the high transmission risk of URFs_0107, which calls for more attention on the new URFs_0107 monitoring and strict control in the areas led by homosexual transmission route.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.855049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T07:45:04Z","timestamp":1652341504000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Multiple CRF01_AE\/CRF07_BC Recombinants Enhanced the HIV-1 Epidemic Complexity Among MSM in Shenyang City, Northeast China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shan","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12402","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00262-12","article-title":"Reconstituting the epidemic history of HIV strain CRF01_AE among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Liaoning, northeastern China: implications for the expanding epidemic among MSM in China","volume":"86","author":"An","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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