{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:39:23Z","timestamp":1791920363865,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. We established a high-throughput, simple, low-cost, and accurate HPV-typing assay (polymerase chain reaction-melting temperature [PCR-Tm] analysis) to detect HPV in CA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We detected 280 cervical scraping samples, including positive samples of HPV-6 (26), HPV-11 (12), HPV-16 (22), HPV-42 (18), HPV-43 (25), HPV-multiple (19), HPV- other type (58), and HPV-negative samples (100). All samples were compared by PCR-Tm analysis and a flow fluorescence hybridization assay. Sequencing was used to confirm the results of the PCR-Tm analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PCR-Tm analysis was specific for each genotype (HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, HPV-42, and HPV-43). The sensitivity of the PCR-Tm analysis assay for each genotype was 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, and 10<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> copies\/reaction, respectively. Most of the 158 samples, including 58 HPV-other type positive and 100 HPV-negative samples tested by the flow fluorescence hybridization assay, were tested negative by PCR-Tm analysis. For the 122 remaining samples, 26 HPV-6, 12 HPV-11, 22 HPV-16, 18 HPV-42, 25 HPV-43, and 19 multiple HPV infections were detected through PCR-Tm analysis. In total, 25 HPV-6, 12 HPV-11, 21 HPV-16, 18 HPV-42, 25 HPV-43, and only 10 multiple HPV infections were detected by the flow fluorescence hybridization assay. The kappa coefficient for the analysis of PCR-Tm analysis and flow fluorescence hybridization assay was 0.940 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001), and the 95% confidence interval of the kappa coefficient was 90.3\u201397.7%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PCR-Tm analysis enabled the detection of HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, HPV-42, and HPV-43, including single and multiple infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.857410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T09:30:00Z","timestamp":1652779800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Detection of Five Types of HPV Genotypes Causing Anogenital Warts (Condyloma Acuminatum) Using PCR-Tm Analysis Technology"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lixia","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaqing","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.13430","article-title":"Cost-effective and fast KIR gene-content genotyping by multiplex melting curve analysis","volume":"92","author":"Amorim","year":"2018","journal-title":"HLA."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3791\/57601","article-title":"Candidate gene testing in clinical cohort studies with multiplexed genotyping and mass spectrometry","author":"Ashley","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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