{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T18:41:38Z","timestamp":1785609698221,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Trichinellosis is a serious zoonotic parasitic disease caused by <jats:italic>Trichinella spiralis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>) that causes considerable economic losses for the global pig breeding and food industries. As such, there is an urgent need for a vaccine that can prevent <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> infection. Previous studies have reported that recombinant invasive <jats:italic>Lactococcus lactis<\/jats:italic> (LL) expressing <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> fibronectin binding protein A (LL-FnBPA+) can transfer DNA vaccines directly to dendritic cells (DCs) across an epithelial cell monolayer, leading to significantly higher amounts of heterologous protein expression compared to non-invasive <jats:italic>Lactococcus lactis<\/jats:italic>. In this study, the invasive bacterium <jats:italic>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>) expressing FnBPA was used as a carrier to deliver a novel oral DNA vaccine consisting of <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> adult putative serine protease (Ts-ADpsp) and murine interleukin (IL)-4 DNA to mouse intestinal epithelial cells. Experimental mice were orally immunized 3 times at 10-day intervals. At 10 days after the last vaccination, mice were challenged with 350 <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> infective larvae by oral inoculation. Immunization with invasive <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> harboring pValac-Ts-ADpsp\/pSIP409-FnBPA induced the production of anti-Ts-ADpsp-specific IgG of serum, type 1 and 2 helper T cell cytokines of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and spleen, secreted (s) IgA of intestinal lavage, and decreased <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> burden and intestinal damage compared to immunization with non-invasive <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> expressing Ts-ADpsp (pValac-Ts-ADpsp\/pSIP409). Thus, invasive <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> expressing FnBPA and IL-4 stimulates both mucosal and cellular immune response to protect against <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> infection, highlighting its therapeutic potential as an effective DNA vaccine for trichinellosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.859243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T17:49:25Z","timestamp":1651600165000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Oral Vaccination of Mice With Trichinella spiralis Putative Serine Protease and Murine Interleukin-4 DNA Delivered by Invasive Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Elicits Protective Immunity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Bin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Nan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Yu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian-Xu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Long","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Wei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gui-Lian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12269","article-title":"In vitro degradation of oxalate by recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum expressing heterologousoxalate decarboxylase.","volume":"115","author":"Anbazhagan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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