{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:30:13Z","timestamp":1790098213512,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to characterize the changes in fecal carriage of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) in a single Dutch veal calves. During the rearing period at the Dutch veal farm, a decrease in fecal carriage of cefotaxime-resistant <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> isolates was observed after 2 weeks at the veal farm, while an increase of cefotaxime-resistant <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolates was demonstrated. <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> were isolated from rectal swabs collected from 110 veal calves in week 2, 6, 10, 18, and 24 after their arrival at the farm. ESBL-PE isolates were selectively cultured and identified by MALDI-TOF. ESBL genes were characterized by RT-PCR, PCRs, and amplicon sequencing. A total of 80 <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and 174 <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> strains were isolated from 104 out of 110 veal calves. The prevalence of ESBL-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> decreased from week 2 (61%) to week 6 (7%), while an unexpected increase in ESBL-<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> colonization was detected in week 6 (80%). The predominant ESBL genes detected in <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates were <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub> and the non-ESBL gene <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM-1a<\/jats:sub>, while in <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M-14<\/jats:sub> gene was detected in all isolates. Four cefotaxime-resistant <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolates were randomly selected and characterized in deep by transformation, PCR-based replicon typing, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The clonal relatedness of a subgroup of nine animals carrying <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> ESBL genes was investigated by Multi Locus sequence typing (MLST). In four ESBL-<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolates, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M-14<\/jats:sub> was located on IncFII<jats:sub>K<\/jats:sub> and IncFII<jats:sub>NK<\/jats:sub> plasmid replicons and the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). MLST demonstrated a clonal spread of ESBL-<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> ST107. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report a change in fecal carriage of ESBL-PE over time in the same veal calf during the rearing period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.866674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T06:50:02Z","timestamp":1655967002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Changes in Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase Producing Enterobacterales in Dutch Veal Calves by Clonal Spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Teresita d.J.","family":"Bello Gonzalez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arie","family":"Kant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quillan","family":"Dijkstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Marcato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kees","family":"van Reenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kees T.","family":"Veldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S. 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