{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T21:09:07Z","timestamp":1788988147720,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Thioalkalivibrio versutus<\/jats:italic>\n                    D301 has been widely used in the biodesulfurization process, as it is capable of oxidizing hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur under strongly halo-alkaline conditions. Glycine betaine contributes to the increased tolerance to extreme environments in some of\n                    <jats:italic>Thioalkalivibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. However, the biosynthetic pathway of glycine betaine in\n                    <jats:italic>Thioalkalivibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                    remained unknown. Here, we found that genes associated with nitrogen metabolism of\n                    <jats:italic>T. versutus<\/jats:italic>\n                    D301 were significantly upregulated under high-salt conditions, causing the enhanced production of glycine betaine that functions as a main compatible solute in response to the salinity stress. Glycine betaine was synthesized by glycine methylation pathway in\n                    <jats:italic>T. versutus<\/jats:italic>\n                    D301, with glycine\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -methyltransferase (GMT) and sarcosine dimethylglycine\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -methyltransferase (SDMT) as key enzymes in this pathway. Moreover, substrate specificities of GMT and SDMT were quite different from the well characterized enzymes for glycine methylation in halophilic\n                    <jats:italic>Halorhodospira halochloris<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our results illustrate the glycine betaine biosynthetic pathway in the genus of\n                    <jats:italic>Thioalkalivibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                    for the first time, providing us with a better understanding of the biosynthesis of glycine betaine in haloalkaliphilic\n                    <jats:italic>Thioalkalivibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.875843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T03:44:36Z","timestamp":1650339876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Identification of the Biosynthetic Pathway of Glycine Betaine That Is Responsible for Salinity Tolerance in Halophilic Thioalkalivibrio versutus D301"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mengshuang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangtong","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dahe","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guomin","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanning","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.01202-20","article-title":"Molecular and physiological adaptations to low temperature in Thioalkalivibrio strains isolated from soda lakes with different temperature regimes.","volume":"6","author":"Ahn","year":"2021","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"B2","author":"Atkinson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cellular Energy Metabolism and its Regulation."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00792-004-0391-6","article-title":"Thialkalivibrio halophilus sp nov., a novel obligately chemolithoautotrophic, facultatively alkaliphilic, and extremely salt-tolerant, sulfur-oxidizing bacterium from a hypersaline alkaline lake.","volume":"8","author":"Banciu","year":"","journal-title":"Extremophiles"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00792-004-0376-5","article-title":"Growth kinetics of haloalkaliphilic, sulfur-oxidizing bacterium Thioalkalivibrio versutus strain ALJ 15 in continuous culture.","volume":"8","author":"Banciu","year":"","journal-title":"Extremophiles"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2004.12.004","article-title":"Fatty acid, compatible solute and pigment composition of obligately chemolithoautotrophic alkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from soda lakes.","volume":"243","author":"Banciu","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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