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Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is an antibacterial agent that can be isolated from <jats:italic>Eucommia ulmoides<\/jats:italic> Oliver, a Chinese medicinal and edible plant food. The inhibitory effect of CGA on bacterial growth and stiffness of the outer membrane (OM) had been reported, while more evidence were required to elucidate its impairment of cell wall. In this study, the morphological and physiochemical changes of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> cells under CGA treatment were investigated. Firstly, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CGA against <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> was assayed. Later, the permeability of OM and activity of the proteins released were measured and observed to reveal the alteration of OM characteristic and cellular morphology. Finally, reactive oxygen species and cell membrane fluidity were analyzed, respectively, to elucidate how CGA damaged cell surface. The results showed that MIC of CGA against <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> was 6.25 mg\/L. Under sub-lethal doses of CGA, the OM permeability and the release of soluble proteins were enhanced evidently, and <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> cells showed more deformed and shrunken, confirming the impairment of cellular integrity under CGA. Finally, the possible cause of cell surface damage was investigated. the fluidity of the membrane was increased upon CGA treatment, which may the possible cause of OM by CGA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.887950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T13:26:54Z","timestamp":1649942814000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Inactivation of Salmonella typhimurium SL1344 by Chlorogenic Acid and the Impairment of Cellular Integrity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunlin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijing","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiujuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir263","article-title":"Deaths associated with bacterial pathogens transmitted commonly through food: foodborne diseases active surveillance network (FoodNet), 1996\u20132005.","volume":"204","author":"Barton Behravesh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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