{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T12:14:55Z","timestamp":1785240895445,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17-75-20039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-75-20039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075-15-2019-1660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2019-1660"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    plasmids can mediate high-level antimicrobial resistance. The emergence of clinical isolates producing plasmid \u03b2-lactamases that can hydrolyze cephalosporins, the mainstay treatment for gonorrhea, may be a serious threat. In this work,\n                    <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains producing plasmid-mediated broad- and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) were obtained\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and their viability and \u03b2-lactam antibiotic susceptibility were studied. Artificial p\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    and p\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-20<\/jats:sub>\n                    plasmids were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis from a p\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-135<\/jats:sub>\n                    plasmid isolated from a clinical isolate. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for a series of \u03b2-lactam antibiotics, including benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefixime, cefotaxime, cefepime, meropenem, imipenem, and doripenem, were determined. The\n                    <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain carrying the p\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-20<\/jats:sub>\n                    plasmid exhibited a high level of resistance to penicillins and second\u2013fourth-generation cephalosporins (MIC\u2009\u22652\u2009mg\/L) but not to carbapenems (MIC \u22640.008\u2009mg\/L). However, this strain stopped growing after 6\u2009h of culture. The reduction in viability was not associated with loss of the plasmid but can be explained by the presence of the plasmid itself, which requires additional reproduction costs, and to the expression of ESBLs, which can affect the structure of the peptidoglycan layer in the cell membrane. Cell growth was mathematically modeled using the generalized Verhulst equation, and the reduced viability of the plasmid-carrying strains compared to the non-plasmid-carrying strains was confirmed. The cell death kinetics of\n                    <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains without the p\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-20<\/jats:sub>\n                    plasmid in the presence of ceftriaxone can be described by a modified Chick\u2013Watson law. The corresponding kinetics of the\n                    <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain carrying the p\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-20<\/jats:sub>\n                    plasmid reflected several processes: the hydrolysis of ceftriaxone by the TEM-20 \u03b2-lactamase and the growth and gradual death of cells. The demonstrated reduction in the viability of\n                    <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains carrying the p\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-20<\/jats:sub>\n                    plasmid probably explains the absence of clinical isolates of ESBL-producing\n                    <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.896607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T02:36:17Z","timestamp":1655692577000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["In vitro Susceptibility to \u03b2-Lactam Antibiotics and Viability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains Producing Plasmid-Mediated Broad- and Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ilya","family":"Kandinov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Gryadunov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Vinokurova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Antonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexey","family":"Kubanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Solomka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Shagabieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Deryabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Shaskolskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.176575","article-title":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment failure and susceptibility to Cefixime in Toronto, Canada","volume":"309","author":"Allen","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.4.969","article-title":"Sequences of the genes for the TEM-20, TEM-21, TEM-22, and TEM-29 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases","volume":"43","author":"Arlet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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