{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T01:46:12Z","timestamp":1776563172381,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> is a major zoonotic pathogen, which usually contaminates food resulting in salmonellosis in humans. Exploring the characteristics and origins of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> is essential in formulating prevention and control measures for <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> infection. We used slide agglutination, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing to analyze and compare <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\u2019s phenotype, genotyping diversity, and genetic relatedness from livestock meat and diarrhea patients in Hanzhong, China, from 2018 to 2020. Totally 216 <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> enterica isolates were screened from frozen whole chicken carcasses (44.3%, 70\/158), frozen raw ground pork (36.2%, 59\/163), and diarrhea patients (4.4%, 87\/1964). <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Typhimurium was the dominant serotype. Notably, compared with other sources, isolates obtained from frozen whole chicken carcasses showed significant resistance to third-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolones (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). All strains were assigned into 36 sequence types (STs) and two novel STs, and an excellent consistency was observed between ST and serotype. Genomic data revealed that extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase genes were responsible for third-generation cephalosporin resistance in 52 <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> strains, and the most predominant resistance determinant was <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2013M<\/jats:sub>. Furthermore, of the 60 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, five single-base mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions were identified in <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>, and the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene <jats:italic>aac(6\u2019)Ib-cr<\/jats:italic> was most often detected. The cgMLST clusters show that five clusters among four serotypes (including <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium, <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. London, <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Derby, and <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Agona) cover samples from diarrhea patients and livestock meat pathway isolate, indicating a possibility of cross-host transmission. In conclusion, the livestock meat isolates have a higher level of resistance than diarrhea patients\u2019 isolates and could be an essential source of human <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.899024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T12:52:09Z","timestamp":1654779129000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Whole-Genome Sequencing Provides Insight Into Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characteristics of Salmonella From Livestock Meat and Diarrhea Patient in Hanzhong, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Weng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yihai","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junqi","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengrong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1086\/497599","article-title":"Human health consequences of antimicrobial drug\u2013resistant salmonella and other foodborne pathogens.","volume":"41","author":"Angulo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. 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