{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T16:11:14Z","timestamp":1784909474065,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of <jats:italic>Cronobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. in commercial powdered infant formula (PIF) from nine provinces in China from March 2018 to September 2020, and to reveal the genotype, biofilm-forming ability, and antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates. A total of 27 <jats:italic>Cronobacter<\/jats:italic> strains, consisting of 22 <jats:italic>Cronobacter sakazakii<\/jats:italic> strains, 3 <jats:italic>Cronobacter malonaticus<\/jats:italic> strains, 1 <jats:italic>Cronobacter turicensis<\/jats:italic> strain, and 1 <jats:italic>Cronobacter dublinensis<\/jats:italic> strain, were isolated from 3,600 commercial PIF samples with a prevalence rate of 0.75%. Compared with the other 8 provinces, PIF from Shaanxi province had a higher prevalence rate (1.25%) of <jats:italic>Cronobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. These isolates were divided into 14 sequence types (STs), and 6 <jats:italic>Cronobacter<\/jats:italic> serotypes. The main <jats:italic>Cronobacter<\/jats:italic> STs were ST4, ST1, and ST64, and the dominant <jats:italic>Cronobacter<\/jats:italic> serotype was <jats:italic>C. sakazakii<\/jats:italic> serotype O2. Approximately 88.89% of <jats:italic>Cronobacter<\/jats:italic> isolates had a strong ability (OD<jats:sub>595<\/jats:sub> &amp;gt; 1) to form biofilms on tinplate, among which the strains with ST4 were more dominant. All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, sulfadiazine, sulfadoxine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and colistin, while 55.56 and 96.30% isolates were resistant to cephalothin and vancomycin, respectively. Taken together, our findings highlighted the contamination status and characterization of <jats:italic>Cronobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. in commercial PIF from nine provinces of China, and provided guidance for the effective prevention and control of this pathogen in the production of PIF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.900690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T08:18:45Z","timestamp":1654071525000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Cronobacter spp. in Commercial Powdered Infant Formula Collected From Nine Provinces in China: Prevalence, Genotype, Biofilm Formation, and Antibiotic Susceptibility"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Fei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gege","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhe","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxu","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinggang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuzhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-18-036","article-title":"Characterization of biofilm formation by Cronobacter spp. isolates of different food origin under model conditions","volume":"82","author":"Aly","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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