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Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intestinal bacteria play an important role in the formation of fatty liver in animals by participating in the digestion and degradation of nutrients, producing various metabolites, and altering the barrier effect of the intestine. However, changes in the gut microbiota during the formation of goose fatty liver are unclear. In this study, 80 healthy Landes geese with similar body weights at 70 days of age were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 48; fed <jats:italic>ad libitum<\/jats:italic>) and the overfeeding group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 32; overfed). The intestinal contents were collected at 0, 12, and 24 days of overfeeding. The 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing analyses showed that the dominant phyla were <jats:italic>Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic>. At the genus level, <jats:italic>Phyllobacterium, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Romboutsia<\/jats:italic> were the dominant genera in the goose intestine, and most of them were probiotics. In the control group, the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> in the jejunum and ileum gradually decreased with time, while that of <jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic> increased, whereas in the overfeeding group, the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> in the jejunum and ileum decreased and then increased with time, while that of <jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic> showed an opposite trend. In addition, supplementing <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> to the diet reduced body weight and fatty liver weight in overfed geese, but increased the weight of abdominal fat, suggesting that <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> supplementation might affect the transport of nascent fat from the liver to abdominal fat. In conclusion, the species of intestinal-dominant bacteria in the geese are relatively stable, but their relative abundance and function are affected by a number of factors. Overfeeding promotes the metabolism of nutrients in the jejunum and ileum and increases bacterial adaptability to environmental changes by enhancing their ability to process environmental and genetic information more efficiently. These findings suggest that the effect of overfeeding on the composition of intestinal microbiota may indirectly influence the formation of goose fatty liver through the gut\/liver axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.906895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T06:30:11Z","timestamp":1658125811000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Changes in Microbiotic Composition of Different Intestinal Tracts and the Effects of Supplemented Lactobacillus During the Formation of Goose Fatty Liver"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kang","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minmeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuoyu","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daoqing","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2316","article-title":"Epithelial-cell recognition of commensal bacteria and maintenance of immune homeostasis in the gut","volume":"8","author":"Artis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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