{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:30:34Z","timestamp":1790058634387,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, the two lactic acid bacterial strains <jats:italic>Enterococcus durans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Enterococcus lactis<\/jats:italic> previously isolated from soft <jats:italic>chhurpi<\/jats:italic>, a traditionally fermented milk product prepared by the indigenous community of Sikkim Himalayas and healthy human gut were used. In this study, we attempted to investigate the probiotic attributes, safety, and health beneficial role, and hypercholesterolemia of <jats:italic>Enterococcus durans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Enterococcus lactis<\/jats:italic>. Both probiotic potential strains showed good hypocholesterolemic activity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> along with tolerance to acid pH (2 and 2.5), tolerance to three bile salts, oxbile, cholic acid, and taurocholic acid (0.5 and 1%), presence of BSH enzyme and its activity, and cell surface adherence. On assessing for safety, both LAB strains were sensitive to antibiotics and exhibited no hemolytic activity. The probiotic strains were tested <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> in the Sprague\u2013Dawley rats which were divided into five experimental groups: Normal Control (ND), probiotic strain <jats:italic>Enterococcus durans<\/jats:italic> HS03 (BSH-negative) and high-cholesterol diet (HCD1), probiotic strain <jats:italic>Enterococcus lactis<\/jats:italic> YY1 (BSH-positive) and high-cholesterol diet (HCD2), and a combination of both strains and high-cholesterol diet (HCD3) and Negative Control (HCD). The probiotic-treated groups HCD1, HCD2, and HCD3 showed a decrease in serum cholesterol levels up to 22.55, 6.67, and 31.06%; the TG and VLDL concentrations were 25.39, 26.3, and 33.21%; reduction in LDL-cholesterol was 33.66, 28.50, and 35.87%; and increase of HDL was 38.32, 47.9, and 41.92%. Similarly, the effects of total cholesterol and TG in the liver, kidney and liver histopathology, liver and body lipid index, and oxidative stress in rat liver were also studied. The fecal lactobacilli were more in the samples of the probiotic-treated groups and their fecal coliform and <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> counts decreased relatively as compared to the control groups in 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. This is the first report on the probiotic potential of <jats:italic>Enterococcus durans<\/jats:italic> HS03 and <jats:italic>Enterococcus lactis<\/jats:italic> YY1 strains that gives a new insight into the cholesterol-lowering and probiotic product development with wide health attributes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.909987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T09:28:16Z","timestamp":1655371696000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Revealing Probiotic Potential of Enterococcus Strains Isolated From Traditionally Fermented Chhurpi and Healthy Human Gut"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kriti","family":"Ghatani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subarna","family":"Thapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shankar Prasad","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sourav","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debabrata","family":"Modak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumen","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-091302-2.50032-3","article-title":"Catalase,","volume-title":"Methods of Enzymatic Analysis","author":"Aebi","year":"1974"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10807","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15096","article-title":"Lactic acid bacteria with cholesterol-lowering properties for dairy applications: In vitro and in situ activity","volume":"101","author":"Albano","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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