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Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ever-increasing complexity in critical spacecraft hardware and materials has led to the development of new microbial reduction procedures as well as to changes in established processes such as heat microbial reduction (HMR). In the space biology field of Planetary Protection, 500\u00b0C for 0.5 s is the current HMR recommendation to reduce microorganisms from flight hardware. However, more studies are needed to effectively determine the microbial reduction capability of high-temperature (more than 200\u00b0C), short-duration (under 30 s) heat exposures. One of the many recent microbial reduction bioengineering research avenues harnesses electromagnetic energy for microbial reduction, with previous investigations demonstrating that infrared heaters are capable of the short temperature ramp time required for rapid heating investigations above 200\u00b0C. Therefore, this study employed a 6 kW infrared heater to determine the survivability of heat resistant <jats:italic>Bacillus canaveralius<\/jats:italic> 29669 to high-temperature, short-duration infrared temperatures. While <jats:italic>B. canaveralius<\/jats:italic> 29669 spores can survive microbial heat reduction processes above 200\u00b0C, we found evidence suggesting that the 500\u00b0C for 0.5 s temperature sterilization specification for Planetary Protection should be updated. This research presents spore survival data and a corresponding model pointing to a re-evaluation of the recommended HMR exposure of 500\u00b0C for 0.5 s, while simultaneously meeting requirements on the forward biological contamination of solar system bodies and opening up design possibilities for future spacecraft hardware.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.909997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T06:13:00Z","timestamp":1657519980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Establishing Sterility Assurance for Bacillus canaveralius 29669 Spores Under High Heat Exposure"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zachary Steven","family":"Dean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"DiNicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Klonicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian Gregory","family":"Clement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012373944-5.00293-5","article-title":"Space microbiology: planetary protection, burden, diversity and significance of spacecraft associated microbes","volume":"3","author":"Bruckner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Encyclop. 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