{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:31:14Z","timestamp":1773282674130,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003482","name":"Department of Education of Hebei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CXZZBS2022044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXZZBS2022044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The study was designed to explore the improvement effect of CSPCM (compound small peptide of Chinese medicine) on intestinal immunity and microflora through the treatment of different doses of CSPCM. A total of 100 male Kunming mice were weighed and divided into five groups, namely, group A (control group), group B (model group), group C (0.1 g\/kg\u00b7bw CSPCM), group D (0.2 g\/kg\u00b7bw CSPCM), and group E (0.4 g\/kg\u00b7bw CSPCM). The use of CTX (cyclophosphamide) caused a series of negative effects: the secretion of IL-2, IL-22, TNF-\u03b1, sIgA, length of the villi, and the area of Pey's node were significantly reduced (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05); the depth of crypt and the percent of CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells were significantly increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05); the cecal flora taxa decreased; the abundance of <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> increased; and the abundance of <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes, Deferribacteres, Proteobacteria, Mucispirillum, Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Flexisprra<\/jats:italic> decreased. The addition of CSPCM improved the secretion of cytokines and the development of intestinal villi, crypts, and Pey's node. The number of CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells in groups C, D, and E was significantly higher than that in group B (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Compared with group B, the abundance of <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> in groups C, D, and E was decreased, and the <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes, Deferribacteres<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic> increased. The abundance of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> decreased, while that of <jats:italic>Mucispirillum, Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Flexisprra<\/jats:italic> increased. It is concluded that cyclophosphamide is extremely destructive to the intestinal area and has a great negative impact on the development of the small intestine, the intestinal immune system, and the intestinal flora. The CSPCM can improve the negative effects of CTX.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.959726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T12:44:22Z","timestamp":1658753062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effects of compound small peptides of Chinese medicine on intestinal immunity and cecal intestinal flora in CTX immunosuppressed mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulan","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongzhan","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanyu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00581-7","article-title":"The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"23","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07450","article-title":"Lymphoid tissue genesis induced by commensals through NOD1 regulates intestinal homeostasis","volume":"456","author":"Bouskra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm2.1979.360.2.1211","article-title":"Novel opioid peptides derived from casein (beta-casomorphins). 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