{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T12:00:34Z","timestamp":1791633634401,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic> is a major food-borne bacterial pathogen in the world, which can cause diarrhea and emetic syndrome. This study aimed to reveal the quantitative prevalence of <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic> in ready-to-eat (RTE) rice products in Eastern China and to gain essential information on the characteristics of <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic> isolates. A total of 91 out of the 1071 samples were positive for <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>. The contamination level of <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic> in 0.5 % of RTE rice product samples outnumbered 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> CFU\/g. The number of <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic> attained 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\u221210<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> CFU\/g in one sample. The distribution patterns of virulence genes in <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic> isolates were identified. 84.6% of the <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic> isolates had at least one enterotoxin or emetic toxin gene. The predominant pattern was XXV. 9.9% of isolates belonged to it and possessed one enterotoxin gene <jats:italic>entFM<\/jats:italic>. The occurrence rate of <jats:italic>hblACD<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>nheABC<\/jats:italic> was 36.3% and 47.3%, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed a high resistance rate toward penicillin, and 23.1% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant. <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic> isolates were genotyped by using ERIC-PCR. 89 genotypes were determined. The Hunter Gaston Discriminatory Index (HGDI) attained 0.9995. Relationships analysis revealed that Group A <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic> isolates tended to carry <jats:italic>hblA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>hblC<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>hblD<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>nheA, nheB<\/jats:italic>, and show resistance to penicillin\/trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole. This study was useful for updating the knowledge of the contamination status of <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic> in RTE rice products in China.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.964823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T08:24:37Z","timestamp":1658219077000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prevalence and antimicrobial-resistant characterization of Bacillus cereus isolated from ready-to-eat rice products in Eastern China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jiancai","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2019.2673","article-title":"Prevalence of the strains of Bacillus cereus group in artisanal Mexican Cheese.","volume":"17","author":"Adame-Gomez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-141-4-983","article-title":"The bceT gene of Bacillus cereus encodes an enterotoxic protein.","volume":"141","author":"Agata","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microbiology (Reading)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0128569","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128569","article-title":"Characterization of cereulide synthetase, a toxin-producing macromolecular machine.","volume":"10","author":"Alonzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109572","article-title":"Genetic diversity, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes from food, livestock, and clinical samples between 2002 and 2019 in China.","volume":"366","author":"Anwar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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