{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:26:30Z","timestamp":1790738790040,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32070536"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070536"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31772408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31772408"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31672428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31672428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), natural polymers from brown seaweeds (such as <jats:italic>Laminaria japonica<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Undaria pinnatifida<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Sargassum fusiforme<\/jats:italic>), have been reported to possess many beneficial advantages for health. In the current study, after 9 weeks of dietary supplementation, AOS 10\u2009mg\/kg group (AOS 10) group increased boar sperm motility from 87.8% to 93.5%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05. Moreover, AOS10 increased the relative abundances of <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Coprococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Butyricicoccus<\/jats:italic> (1.3\u20132.3-fold; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) to increase the beneficial blood and sperm metabolites (1.2\u20131.6-fold; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), and important sperm proteins such as gelsolin, Zn-alpha2 glycoprotein, Cation Channel Sperm-Associated Protein, outer dense fiber of sperm tails, etc. (1.5\u20132.2-fold; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). AOS had a long-term beneficial advantage on boar semen quality by the increase in semen volume (175 vs. 160\u2009ml\/ejaculation, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). AOS may be used as dietary additives for improving semen quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.982152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T05:42:35Z","timestamp":1661146955000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Alginate oligosaccharides increase boar semen quality by affecting gut microbiota and metabolites in blood and sperm"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yexun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bohui","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruqing","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiqing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajian","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Schroyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongfu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.11.004","article-title":"Endocrinology of the aging male","volume":"25","author":"Araujo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.12.048","article-title":"Role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of obesity and obesity-related metabolic dysfunction","volume":"152","author":"Bouter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","article-title":"QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data","volume":"7","author":"Caporaso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.08.004","article-title":"Regulation of spermatogenesis in the microenvironment of the seminiferous epithelium: new insights and advances","volume":"315","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00194-9","article-title":"Effects of season and breed on sperm acrosin activity and semen quality of boars","volume":"64","author":"Ciereszko","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod59.1.7","article-title":"Role of cholesterol in sperm capacitation","volume":"59","author":"Cross","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gav003","article-title":"Amino acid metabolism in intestinal bacteria and its potential implications for mammalian reproduction","volume":"21","author":"Dai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5069","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03006-05","article-title":"Greengenes, a chimera-checked 16S rRNA gene database and workbench compatible with ARB","volume":"72","author":"DeSantis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2016.08.003","article-title":"Effect of dietary supplementation with amino acids on boar sperm quality and fertility","volume":"172","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/01485010600888961","article-title":"Correlation of seminal parameters with serum lipid profile and sex hormones","volume":"53","author":"Erg\u00fcn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Androl."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2013.06.014","article-title":"Regulation of sperm motility by PIP2(4,5) and actin polymerization","volume":"381","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3390\/md14120231","article-title":"Alginate oligosaccharide prevents acute doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum-mediated apoptosis","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581926","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.581926","article-title":"Gut microbiological disorders reduce semen utilization rate in Duroc boars","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E173","DOI":"10.3390\/md17030173","article-title":"Evaluation of prebiotic potential of three marine algae oligosaccharides from enzymatic hydrolysis","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.10.109","article-title":"AOS ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension by restraining the activation of P-selectin\/p38MAPK\/NF-\u03baB pathway in rats","volume":"109","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-0929.2010.00753.x","article-title":"Age-related changes in semen quality characteristics and expectations of reproductive longevity in Duroc boars","volume":"81","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.02.103","article-title":"Effect of lipid metabolism on male fertility","volume":"485","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.12717\/DR.2012.16.4.363","article-title":"Ectopic expression of Cenexin1 S796A mutant in ODF2(+\/\u2212) knockout background causes a sperm tail development defect","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Reprod."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4358","article-title":"Gut microbiome and serum metabolome alterations in obesity and after weight-loss intervention","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2011.01195.x","article-title":"Con A-binding protein Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein on human sperm membrane is related to acrosome reaction and sperm fertility","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12494","article-title":"Alginate oligosaccharides: production, biological activities, and potential applications","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.170446","article-title":"Dietary n-6:n-3 ratio and vitamin E improve motility characteristics in association with membrane properties of boar spermatozoa","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.2527\/1994.7282038x","article-title":"The effect of protein intake on boar libido, semen characteristics, and plasma hormone concentrations","volume":"72","author":"Louis","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0146304","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146304","article-title":"Relationship between lipids levels of serum and seminal plasma and semen parameters in 631 Chinese subfertile men","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr507","article-title":"FLASH: fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies","volume":"27","author":"Mago\u010d","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2012.06.011","article-title":"Cholesterol and male fertility: what about orphans and adopted?","volume":"368","author":"Maqdasy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2008.07.016","article-title":"Leydig cell aging and the mechanisms of reduced testosterone synthesis","volume":"299","author":"Midzak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3109\/10641963.2013.776568","article-title":"Subcutaneous administration of sodium alginate oligosaccharides prevents salt-induced hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats","volume":"35","author":"Moriya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.11.008","article-title":"The effect of dietary supplementation of algae rich in docosahexaenoic acid on boar fertility","volume":"90","author":"Murphy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2016.10757","article-title":"Effects of alginate oligosaccharide mixture on the bioavailability of lysozyme as an antimicrobial agent","volume":"16","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4236\/abb.2011.22012","article-title":"Increased serotonin concentration and tryptophan hydroxylase activity in reproductive organs of copulator males: a case of adaptive plasticity","volume":"2","author":"Pichardo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Biosci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00762","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00762-17","article-title":"A low-molecular-weight alginate oligosaccharide disrupts pseudomonal microcolony formation and enhances antibiotic effectiveness","volume":"61","author":"Pritchard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2012.77","article-title":"Metabolic regulation is important for spermatogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Rato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00232-010-9294-x","article-title":"Tubular fluid secretion in the seminiferous epithelium: ion transporters and aquaporins in Sertoli cells","volume":"236","author":"Rato","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Membr. Biol."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9566-0_6","article-title":"In vitro maturation, fertilization, and culture of pig oocytes and embryos","volume":"2006","author":"Redel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2015.08.010","article-title":"Effect of different amino acid patterns on semen quality of boars fed with low-protein diets","volume":"161","author":"Ren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2015.04.021","article-title":"Alginate biomaterial for the treatment of myocardial infarction: progress, translational strategies, and clinical outlook: from ocean algae to patient bedside","volume":"96","author":"Ruvinov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.10.023","article-title":"Dietary flaxseed oil improve boar semen quality, antioxidant status and in-vivo fertility in humid sub-tropical region of north East India","volume":"159","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2008.01.024","article-title":"Eff ects infl uencing boar semen","volume":"110","author":"Smital","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO03145G","article-title":"Chestnut polysaccharides restore impaired spermatogenesis by adjusting gut microbiota and the intestinal structure","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-017-0281-2","article-title":"The Catsper channel and its roles in male fertility: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1007\/s004030050434","article-title":"Alginate oligosaccharides modulate cell morphology, cell proliferation and collagen expression in human skin fibroblasts in vitro","volume":"291","author":"Tajima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-97602012000400009","article-title":"Age-related changes in quality and fertility of porcine semen","volume":"45","author":"Tsakmakidis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2010.11.2.151","article-title":"Relationship between sperm quality traits and field-fertility of porcine semen","volume":"11","author":"Tsakmakidis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.04.024","article-title":"Alginate oligosaccharide protects against endoplasmic reticulum- and mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress","volume":"32","author":"Tusi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3109\/10641963.2011.577484","article-title":"Sodium alginate oligosaccharides attenuate hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed a low-salt diet","volume":"34","author":"Ueno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2017.09.006","article-title":"Effects of alginate oligosaccharide on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal digestion-absorption function in weaned pigs","volume":"234","author":"Wan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13482","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA01943F","article-title":"Alginate oligosaccharide enhances intestinal integrity of weaned pigs through altering intestinal inflammatory responses and antioxidant status","volume":"8","author":"Wan","year":"","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-018-0273-x","article-title":"Alginate oligosaccharide-induced intestinal morphology, barrier function and epithelium apoptosis modifications have beneficial effects on the growth performance of weaned pigs","volume":"9","author":"Wan","year":"","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref50","volume-title":"WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"295","article-title":"Boar nutrition for optimum sperm production","volume":"15","author":"Wilson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Pork Prod."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2008.01083.x","article-title":"Genetic parameters for semen traits in AI boars estimated from data on individual ejaculates","volume":"44","author":"Wolf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.04.002","article-title":"Microelements in seminal and serum plasma are associated with fresh semen quality in Yorkshire boars","volume":"132","author":"Wu","year":"","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1459-y","article-title":"Serum and seminal plasma element concentrations in relation to semen quality in Duroc boars","volume":"189","author":"Wu","year":"","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S140206","article-title":"Alginate oligosaccharide indirectly affects toll-like receptor signaling via the inhibition of microrna-29b in aneurysm patients after endovascular aortic repair","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.10.013","article-title":"A diet supplemented with L-carnitine improves the sperm quality of Pietrain but not of Duroc and large white boars when photoperiod and temperature increase","volume":"73","author":"Yeste","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11431","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103205","article-title":"Chestnut polysaccharides benefit spermatogenesis through improvement in the expression of important genes","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12751","article-title":"Periovulatory oviductal fluid decreases sperm protein kinase A activity, tyrosine phosphorylation, and in vitro fertilization in pig","volume":"8","author":"Zapata-Carmona","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00886-x","article-title":"Microbiota from alginate oligosaccharide dosed mice successfully mitigated small intestinal mucositis","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.11.164","article-title":"Decrease in male mouse fertility by hydrogen sulfide and\/or ammonia can be inheritable","volume":"194","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.05.029","article-title":"Low dose Chlorothalonil impairs mouse spermatogenesis through the intertwining of estrogen receptor pathways with histone and DNA methylation","volume":"230","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0248-z","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals alginate oligosaccharides preventing chemotherapy-induced mucositis","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3308","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.43189","article-title":"Alginate oligosaccharides improve germ cell development and testicular microenvironment to rescue busulfan disrupted spermatogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37884","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37884","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide and\/or ammonia reduces spermatozoa motility through AMPK\/AKT related pathways","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1071\/RD19322","article-title":"Induction of autophagy promotes porcine parthenogenetic embryo development under low oxygen conditions","volume":"32","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1021\/jf503548a","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of guluronate oligosaccharides obtained by oxidative degradation from alginate in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells","volume":"63","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.982152\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T05:42:41Z","timestamp":1661146961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.982152\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2022.982152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.982152","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"article-number":"982152"}}