{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T06:36:48Z","timestamp":1768545408821,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) with<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>are a severe problem in disposed patients in modern healthcare.<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>establishes recalcitrant biofilm infections and can develop antibiotic resistance. Gargling with avian egg yolk anti-<jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>antibodies (IgY) has shown clinical effect in preventing onset of chronic<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Therefore, we speculated whether passive intravesically administered IgY immunotherapy could be a novel strategy against<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>UTIs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate if prophylactic repurposing of anti-<jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>IgY can prevent UTIs with<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>in a UTI mouse model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>(PAO1 and PAO3) was mixed with increasing concentrations of specific anti-<jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>IgY (sIgY) or non-specific control IgY (cIgY) and\/or freshly isolated human neutrophils. Bacterial growth was evaluated by the optical density at 600 nm.<jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>a temporary transurethral catheter, 10-week-old female Balb\/c mice were intravesically infected with 50 ml of a bacterial suspension and sIgY, cIgY, or isotonic NaCl. IgY and NaCl were either co-instilled with the bacteria, or instilled prophylactically, 30 min prior to infection. The animals were euthanized 20 h after infection. Vesical bacteriology was quantified, and cytokine expression in the bladder homogenate was measured by multiplex cytokine assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, sIgY concentrations above 2.5% reduced bacterial growth in a dose-dependent manner.<jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>, a UTI lasting for minimum 7 days was established by installing 5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>colony-forming units (CFU) of<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>PAO1. sIgY reduced vesical bacterial load if co-installed with<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>PAO1. Prophylactic sIgY and cIgY reduced bacterial load when compared to isotonic NaCl. CXCL2 and G-CSF were both increased in infected bladders compared to non-infected controls which had non-detectable levels. Co-installation of sIgY and bacteria nearly completely inhibited the inflammatory response. However, the cytokine levels in the bladder did not change after prophylactic administration of sIgY or cIgY.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prophylactic sIgY significantly reduces the amount of bacteria in the bladder in a mouse model of<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>cystitis and may serve as a novel non-antibiotic strategy in preventing<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>UTIs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.988386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T19:41:54Z","timestamp":1662752514000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chicken IgY reduces the risk of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections in a murine model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Franziska A.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Christophersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Baekdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Pals Bendixen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mette","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ida Kirstine","family":"Bull Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Sofie","family":"Laulund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"H\u00f8iby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0731158","article-title":"Simple method to purify chicken immunoglobulin G.","volume":"73","author":"Bhanushali","year":"1994","journal-title":"Poult. 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