{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:02:51Z","timestamp":1791597771498,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>We studied the biodegradation of oily sludge generated by a petroleum plant in Bahrain by a bacterial consortium (termed as AK6) under different bioprocess conditions. Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in oily sludge (C<jats:sub>11<\/jats:sub>-C<jats:sub>29<\/jats:sub>) increased from 24% after two days to 99% after 9 days of incubation in cultures containing 5% (w\/v) of oily sludge at 40\u00b0C. When the nitrogen source was excluded from the batch cultures, hydrocarbon biodegradation dropped to 45% within 7 days. The hydrocarbon biodegradation decreased also by increasing the salinity to 3% and the temperature above 40\u00b0C. AK6 tolerated up to 50% (w\/v) oily sludge and degraded 60% of the dichloromethane-extractable oil fraction. Illumina-MiSeq analyses revealed that the AK6 consortium was mainly composed of <jats:italic>Gammaproteobacteria<\/jats:italic> (ca. 98% of total sequences), with most sequences belonging to <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> (77.6% of total sequences), <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic> (16.7%) and <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> (5%). Prominent shifts in the bacterial composition of the consortium were observed when the temperature and initial sludge concentration increased, and the nitrogen source was excluded, favoring sequences belonging to <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Stenotrophomonas<\/jats:italic>. The AK6 consortium is endowed with a strong oily sludge tolerance and biodegradation capability under different bioprocess conditions, where <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> spp. appear to be crucial for hydrocarbon biodegradation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.998076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T05:10:58Z","timestamp":1663737058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Biotreatment of oily sludge by a bacterial consortium: Effect of bioprocess conditions on biodegradation efficiency and bacterial community structure"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dorra","family":"Hentati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raeid M. 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