{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T09:46:44Z","timestamp":1784800004668,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> is one of the most important foodborne zoonotic pathogens, causing global morbidity and mortality in both humans and animals. Due to the extensive use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals, the antimicrobial resistance of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> has attracted increasing attention globally. There have been many reports concerning the antimicrobial resistance of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> from food-producing animals, meats and the environment. However, few studies on <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> from food-producing animals have been reported in Chongqing municipality, China. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence, serovar diversity, sequence types, and antimicrobial resistance of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolated from livestock and poultry in Chongqing. Meanwhile, we also want to know the presence of \u03b2-lactamase genes, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) mutations of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolates. A total of 129 <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> strains were recovered from 2,500 fecal samples at 41 farms from pigs, goats, beef cattle, rabbits, chickens, and ducks. Fourteen serovars were identified, with <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Agona and <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Derby being the dominant serovars. The 129 isolates had high resistance to doxycycline (87.6%), ampicillin (80.6%), tetracycline (79.8%), trimethoprim (77.5%), florfenicol (76.7%) chloramphenicol (72.9%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (71.3%), but were susceptible to cefepime. A total of 114 (88.4%) isolates showed multidrug resistant phenotypes. The prevalence of \u03b2-lactamase genes in <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolates was 89.9% (116\/129), and among these isolates, 107 (82.9%) harbored <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>, followed by <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA<\/jats:sub> (26, 20.2%), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub> (8, 6.2%), and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CMY<\/jats:sub> (3, 2.3%). In addition, <jats:italic>qnrB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>qnrD<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>oqxA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>oqxB<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>aac(6\u2032)-Ib-cr<\/jats:italic> were detected in 11, 2, 34, 34, 43, and 72 PMQR-producing isolates, respectively. Moreover, QRDR mutations were very common in PMQR-positive <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolates (97.2%, 70\/72) with mutation(s) in <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic> or combinative mutations in <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>. More significantly, 32 extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates were identified, and 62.5% of them were found to harbor one to four PMQR genes. Furthermore, 11 sequence types were identified from the isolates, and most of ESBL-producing isolates were attributed to ST34 (15.6%) and ST40 (62.5%). The coexistence of PMQR genes with \u03b2-lactamase genes and the extensive mutations in QRDR present in <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolates from food-producing animals suggest a potential threat to public health. Reasonable utilization and strict control strategies for antimicrobials in animal husbandry and animal treatment are necessary to reduce the emergence and dissemination of drug-resistant <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1011719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T04:36:54Z","timestamp":1684989414000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["BlaTEM-positive Salmonella enterica serovars Agona and Derby are prevalent among food-producing animals in Chongqing, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jiacui","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingqian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangning","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiyuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengqi","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoju","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honglei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15211","article-title":"Identification and characterization of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Salmonella enterica serovars Kentucky and typhimurium isolated in Tunisia CTX-M-61\/TEM-34, a novel cefotaxime-hydrolysing \u03b2-lactamase of Salmonella","volume":"132","author":"Al-Gallas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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