{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T16:00:35Z","timestamp":1765382435112,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the past decades, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant (CR) <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> isolates have been detected in Vietnamese hospitals. The transfer of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes carried on plasmids is mainly responsible for the emergence of multidrug-resistant <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> strains and the spread of AMR genes through horizontal gene transfer. Therefore, it is important to thoroughly study the characteristics of AMR gene-harboring plasmids in clinical multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The profiles of plasmid assemblies were determined by analyzing previously published whole-genome sequencing data of 751 multidrug-resistant <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates from Vietnamese hospitals in order to identify the risk of AMR gene horizontal transfer and dissemination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The number of putative plasmids in isolates was independent of the sequencing coverage. These putative plasmids originated from various bacterial species, but mostly from the <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic> genus, particularly <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> species. Many different AMR genes were detected in plasmid contigs of the studied isolates, and their number was higher in CR isolates than in ESBL-producing isolates. Similarly, the <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>KPC-2<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>NDM-5<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA-1<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA-48<\/jats:sub>, and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA-181<\/jats:sub> \u03b2-lactamase genes, associated with resistance to carbapenems, were more frequent in CR strains. Sequence similarity network and genome annotation analyses revealed high conservation of the \u03b2-lactamase gene clusters in plasmid contigs that carried the same AMR genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study provides evidence of horizontal gene transfer in multidrug-resistant <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates via conjugative plasmids, thus rapidly accelerating the emergence of resistant bacteria. Besides reducing antibiotic misuse, prevention of plasmid transmission also is essential to limit antibiotic resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1094119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T10:00:48Z","timestamp":1685527248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Large-scale analysis of putative plasmids in clinical multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from Vietnamese patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Quang Huy","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thi Thu Hang","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Son Thai","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kieu-Oanh Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Van","family":"Quyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliette","family":"Hayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Laure","family":"Ba\u00f1uls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tam Thi Thanh","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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