{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:20:01Z","timestamp":1787026801858,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32002263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002263"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31872324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31872324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005145","name":"Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20190881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20190881"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010031","name":"Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019M650126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M650126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010031","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Burkholderia contaminans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an emerging pathogen related to cystic fibrosis, is known to cause potentially fatal infections in humans and ruminants, especially in immunocompromised individuals. However, the immune responses in cows following its infection have not been fully elucidated. In this study, T- and B-lymphocytes-mediated immune responses were evaluated in 15\n                    <jats:italic>B. contaminans<\/jats:italic>\n                    -induced mastitis cows and 15 healthy cows with multi-parameter flow cytometry. The results showed that infection with\n                    <jats:italic>B. contaminans<\/jats:italic>\n                    was associated with a significant decrease in the number and percentage of B lymphocytes but with a significant increase in the proportion of IgG\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD27\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B lymphocytes. This indicated that humoral immune response may not be adequate to fight intracellular infection, which could contribute to the persistent bacterial infection. In addition,\n                    <jats:italic>B. contaminans<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection induced significant increase of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and double positive (DP) CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells but not CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    or CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    (single positive) T cells in blood. Phenotypic analysis showed that the percentages of activated WC1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in peripheral blood were increased in the\n                    <jats:italic>B. contaminans<\/jats:italic>\n                    infected cows. Interestingly, intracellular cytokine staining showed that cattle naturally infected with\n                    <jats:italic>B. contaminans<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited multifunctional TNF-\u03b1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    IFN-\u03b3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    IL-2\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>B. contaminans<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific DP T cells. Our results, for the first time, revealed a potential role of IgG\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD27\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells, CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells and WC1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in the defense of\n                    <jats:italic>B. contaminans<\/jats:italic>\n                    -induced mastitis in cows.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1099623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:58:31Z","timestamp":1678150711000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessment of adaptive immune responses of dairy cows with Burkholderia contaminans-induced mastitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqiang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuzhen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7919","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803903","article-title":"The yellow fever virus vaccine induces a broad and polyfunctional human memory CD8+ T cell response","volume":"183","author":"Akondy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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