{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:09:39Z","timestamp":1790424579562,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study investigated genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles, phylogenic relatedness, plasmid and virulence composition of 39\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains isolated from chicken meat samples using whole genome sequencing (WGS) technology. Four distinct serotypes were identified;\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Minnesota (16\/39, 41%),\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Infantis (13\/39, 33.3%),\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Enteritidis (9\/39, 23.1%), and one isolate was detected for\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Kentucky (1\/39, 2.6%), with sequence types (STs) as followed: ST548, ST32, ST11, and ST198, respectively. Phenotypic resistance to tetracycline (91.2%), ampicillin (82.4%), sulfisoxazole (64.7%), and nalidixic acid (61.6%) was the most observed. Resistome analysis revealed the presence of resistance genes to aminoglycosides, \u03b2-lactamase, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, phenicol, lincosamide, macrolides, and tetracyclines. Plasmidome showed the presence of eight incompatibility groups, including IncA\/C2, IncFIB(K)_1_Kpn3, Col440I_1, IncR, IncX1, IncI1_1_Alpha, IncFIB(S)\/IncFII(S), IncHI2\/IncHI2A, IncX2 and ColpVC plasmids across the 39 genomes. Three resistance genes,\n                    <jats:italic>sul2, tetA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      bla\n                      <jats:sub>CMY-2,<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    were predicted to be located on IncA\/C2 plasmid in\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Minnesota isolates, whereas all\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Infantis isolates were positive to IncFIB(K)_1_Kpn3 plasmid that carries\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-65<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene. Eleven\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathogenicity islands and up to 131 stress and\/or virulence genes were identified in the evaluated genomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed four phylogroups that were consistent with the identified ST profiles with a high level of inter-diversity between isolates. This is the first genomic characterization of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from retail chicken meat in Saudi Arabia using WGS technology. The availability of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    genomes from multiple geographic locations, including Saudi Arabia, would be highly beneficial in future source-tracking, especially during epidemiological surveillance and outbreak investigations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1104164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T11:24:54Z","timestamp":1680175494000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance and genomic characterization of Salmonella enterica isolates from chicken meat"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Khaloud O.","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad M.","family":"AL-Reshoodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaf A.","family":"Alshdokhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwaq S.","family":"Alhamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meshari A.","family":"Al Hadlaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed I.","family":"Mujallad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenah E.","family":"Mukhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amani T.","family":"Alsufyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah A.","family":"Alajlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malfi S.","family":"Al Rashidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mashan J.","family":"Al Dawsari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh I.","family":"Al-Akeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meshari H.","family":"AL-Harthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz M.","family":"Al Manee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majed F.","family":"Alghoribi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suliman M.","family":"Alajel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2310.161642","article-title":"Enteric infections circulating during Hajj seasons, 2011\u20132013","volume":"23","author":"Abd El Ghany","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. 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