{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T07:35:17Z","timestamp":1792222517387,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The mpox (disease caused by the monkeypox virus) epidemic in 2022 provides a good opportunity to study the immune response to mpox. Vaccinia virus-infected monocytes could be recognized by monkeypox virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which produce inflammatory cytokines including IFN\u03b3 and TNF\u03b1. However, these cells are mostly unable to react to monkeypox virus-infected cells. The monkeypox virus also has no effect on the expression of MHC classes. Cells infected with monkeypox virus can prevent T cells from being activated\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    their T cell receptors. Insensitivity is an MHC-independent strategy for controlling antiviral T cells activation and inflammatory cytokines production. It is likely a critical aspect of virus spread in the infected host. The ability of monkeypox virus to spread efficiently as cell-associated viremia may be explained by the evasion strategies employed by the virus to subvert immunological surveillance by virus-specific T cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1106247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:28:08Z","timestamp":1675211288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Mechanisms of immune evasion of monkeypox virus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Milad","family":"Zandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Shafaati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10489","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00304-15","article-title":"Evasion of the innate immune type I interferon system by monkeypox virus","volume":"89","author":"Arndt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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