{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:56:49Z","timestamp":1790114209006,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> (HP) infection is an identified risk factor for pediatric chronic gastritis (PCG), but its impact on gastric juice microbiota (GJM) remains to be further elucidated in PCG. This study aimed to analyze and compare the microbial communities and microbial interactive networks of GJM in PCG that clinically tested positive and negative for HP (HP+ and HP\u2212, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 45 PCG patients aged from 6 to 16 years were recruited, including 20 HP+ and 25 HP\u2212 patients tested by culture and rapid urease test. Gastric juice samples were collected from these PCG patients and subjected to high-throughput amplicon sequencing and subsequent analysis of 16S rRNA genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>While no significant change in alpha diversity, significant differences in beta diversity were observed between HP+ and HP\u2212 PCG. At the genus level, <jats:italic>Streptococcus, Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Granulicatella<\/jats:italic> were significantly enriched in HP+ PCG, whereas <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Absconditabacteriales (SR1)<\/jats:italic> were significantly enriched in <jats:italic>HP<\/jats:italic>\u2212 PCG. Network analysis showed that <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> was the only genus positively correlated with <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.497) in the GJM net<jats:italic>work<\/jats:italic> of overall PCG. Moreover, compared to HP\u2212 PCG, HP+ PCG showed a reduction in microbial network connectivity in GJM. Netshift analysis identified driver microbes including <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> and other four genera, which substantially contributed to the GJM network transition from HP\u2212 PCG to HP+ PCG. Furthermore, Predicted GJM function analysis indicated up-regulated pathways related to the metabolism of nucleotides, carbohydrates, and L-Lysine, the urea cycle, as well as endotoxin peptidoglycan biosynthesis and maturation in HP+ PCG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>GJM in HP+ PCG exhibited dramatically altered beta diversity, taxonomic structure, and function, with reduced microbial network connectivity, which could be involved in the disease etiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1112709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T15:29:13Z","timestamp":1682436553000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gastric juice microbiota in pediatric chronic gastritis that clinically tested positive and negative for Helicobacter pylori"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shou-Yue","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Xia","family":"Ru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Jie","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Yuan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengjia","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Huan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.119","article-title":"Using network analysis to explore co-occurrence patterns in soil microbial communities","volume":"6","author":"Barberan","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3565-5","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and its relationship with variations of gut microbiota in asymptomatic children between 6 and 12 years","volume":"11","author":"Benavides-Ward","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC. 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