{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:04:21Z","timestamp":1792613061442,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32000293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32000293"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>) can infect almost all warm-blooded animals and is a major threat to global public health. Currently, there is no effective drug or vaccine for <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>. In this study, bioinformatics analysis on B and T cell epitopes revealed that TGGT1_316290 (TG290) had superior effects compared with the surface antigen 1 (SAG1). TG290 mRNA-LNP was constructed through the Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) technology and intramuscularly injected into the BALB\/c mice, and its immunogenicity and efficacy were explored. Analysis of antibodies, cytokines (IFN-\u03b3, IL-12, IL-4, and IL-10), lymphocytes proliferation, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, dendritic cell (DC) maturation, as well as CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes revealed that TG290 mRNA-LNP induced humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated mice. Furthermore, T-Box 21 (T-bet), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) p65, and interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) subunit were over-expressed in the TG290 mRNA-LNP-immunized group. The survival time of mice injected with TG290 mRNA-LNP was significantly longer (18.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u2009days) compared with the survival of mice of the control groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001). In addition, adoptive immunization using 300\u2009\u03bcl serum and lymphocytes (5*10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>) of mice immunized with TG290 mRNA-LNP significantly prolonged the survival time of these mice. This study demonstrates that TG290 mRNA-LNP induces specific immune response against <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> and may be a potential toxoplasmosis vaccine candidate for this infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1145114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T04:44:04Z","timestamp":1679373844000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A novel Toxoplasma gondii TGGT1_316290 mRNA-LNP vaccine elicits protective immune response against toxoplasmosis in mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S60973","article-title":"Drugs in development for toxoplasmosis: advances, challenges, and current status","volume":"11","author":"Alday","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Des. 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