{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:22:11Z","timestamp":1790882531694,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study investigated the water quality index, microbial composition and antimicrobial resistance genes in urban water habitats. Combined chemicals testing, metagenomic analyses and qualitative PCR (qPCR) were conducted on 20 locations, including rivers from hospital surrounds (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u20097), community surrounds (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u20097), and natural wetlands (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u20096). Results showed that the indexes of total nitrogen, phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen of hospital waters were 2\u20133 folds high than that of water from wetlands. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a total of 1,594 bacterial species from 479 genera from the three groups of water samples. The hospital-related samples had the greatest number of unique genera, followed by those from wetlands and communities. The hospital-related samples contained a large number of bacteria associated with the gut microbiome, including <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>, which were all significantly enriched compared to samples from the wetlands. Nevertheless, the wetland waters enriched bacteria from <jats:italic>Nanopelagicus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Mycolicibacterium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Gemmatimonas<\/jats:italic>, which are typically associated with aquatic environments. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that were associated with different species origins in each water sample was observed. The majority of ARGs from hospital-related samples were carried by bacteria from <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic> and various genera from <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>, which each was associated with multiple ARGs. In contrast, the ARGs that were exclusively in samples from communities and wetlands were carried by species that encoded only 1 to 2 ARGs each and were not normally associated with human infections. The qPCR showed that water samples of hospital surrounds had higher concentrations of <jats:italic>intI1<\/jats:italic> and antimicrobial resistance genes such as <jats:italic>tetA, ermA, ermB, qnrB, sul1, sul2<\/jats:italic> and other beta-lactam genes. Further genes of functional metabolism reported that the enrichment of genes associated with the degradation\/utilization of nitrate and organic phosphodiester were detected in water samples around hospitals and communities compared to those from wetlands. Finally, correlations between the water quality indicators and the number of ARGs were evaluated. The presence of total nitrogen, phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen were significantly correlated with the presence of <jats:italic>ermA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, <jats:italic>intI1<\/jats:italic> exhibited a significant correlation with <jats:italic>ermB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>, indicating a prevalence of ARGs in urban water environments might be due to the integron <jats:italic>intI1<\/jats:italic>\u2019s diffusion-promoting effect. However, the high abundance of ARGs was limited to the waters around the hospital, and we did not observe the geographical transfer of ARGs along with the river flow. This may be related to water purifying capacity of natural riverine wetlands. Taken together, continued surveillance is required to assess the risk of bacterial horizontal transmission and its potential impact on public health in the current region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1169476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T05:51:14Z","timestamp":1686808274000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Characterization of microbial community and antibiotic resistome in intra urban water, Wenzhou China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sheng","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengkai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenjun","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuqing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengke","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiji","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shixuan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongliang","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhemin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0057622","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00576-22","article-title":"Dynamics of microbial community and potential microbial pollutants in shopping malls","volume":"8","author":"An","year":"2023","journal-title":"mSystems."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2008731118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2008731118","article-title":"Conjugative plasmids interact with insertion sequences to shape the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes","volume":"118","author":"Che","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2020.116946","article-title":"Mitigation via physiochemically enhanced primary treatment of antibiotic resistance genes in influent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant","volume":"247","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2020.37.213.24988","article-title":"Prevalence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) and molecular detection of bla TEM, Bla SHV and Bla CTX-M genotypes among Enterobacteriaceae isolates from patients in Khartoum, Sudan","volume":"37","author":"Dirar","year":"2020","journal-title":"PAMJ"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117004","article-title":"Metagenomic analysis reveals nonylphenol-shaped acidification and methanogenesis during sludge anaerobic digestion","volume":"196","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0245126","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245126","article-title":"Molecular analysis of blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M in extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae recovered from fecal specimens of animals","volume":"16","author":"Ejaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.129566","article-title":"Metagenomics analysis identifies nitrogen metabolic pathway in bioremediation of diesel contaminated soil","volume":"271","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8070978","article-title":"Transferable extended-Spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae from irrigation water","volume":"8","author":"Gekenidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-016-6207-z","article-title":"Potential impacts of geothermal energy use and storage of heat on groundwater quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem processes","volume":"75","author":"Griebler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.01.134","article-title":"Sulfamethoxazole and COD increase abundance of sulfonamide resistance genes and change bacterial community structures within sequencing batch reactors","volume":"175","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3862949","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3862949","article-title":"Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from environmental waters in northern Colorado","volume":"2019","author":"Haberecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Public Health"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.11.004","article-title":"Profiling of intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes in tap water","volume":"365","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00473-0","article-title":"Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance","volume":"387","author":"Holmes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054316","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1054316","article-title":"Removal of antibiotic resistance genes during livestock wastewater treatment processes: review and prospects","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00519","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00519-18","article-title":"Extensive genetic commonality among wildlife, wastewater, community, and nosocomial isolates of Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (H30R1 and H30Rx subclones) that carry blaCTX-M-27 or blaCTX-M-15","volume":"62","author":"Jamborova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2020.065","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive Escherichia coli presence in urban aquatic environments in Kanpur, India","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Water Health."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-020-03098-z","article-title":"intI1 type Mobile genetic elements co-selected antibiotic-resistant genes in untreated hospital wastewaters","volume":"106","author":"Kayali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5874","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84974-4","article-title":"High fecal carriage of blaCTX-M, blaCMY-2, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes among healthy Korean people in a metagenomic analysis","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2664-0","article-title":"Occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in the sediments of drinking water sources, urban rivers, and coastal areas in Zhuhai, China","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106620","article-title":"Co-occurrence of crAssphage and antibiotic resistance genes in agricultural soils of the Yangtze River Delta, China","volume":"156","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117630","article-title":"Inhibited conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in antibiotic resistant bacteria by surface plasma","volume":"204","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.126272","article-title":"Fates of intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes during the cattle farm wastewater treatment process","volume":"344","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-018-9469-y","article-title":"Removal of intl1 and associated antibiotics resistant genes in water, sewage sludge and livestock manure treatments","volume":"17","author":"Liao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-015-7103-2","article-title":"Temporal\u2013spatial variation of bacterial diversity in estuary sediments in the south of Zhejiang Province, China","volume":"100","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S269766","article-title":"A novel blaCTX-M-65-harboring IncHI2 plasmid pE648CTX-M-65 isolated from a clinical extensively-drug-resistant Escherichia coli ST648","volume":"13","author":"L\u00fc","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819001-2.00005-X","article-title":"Recent advances in the application of biofilm in bioremediation of industrial wastewater and organic pollutants","volume":"2020","author":"Maurya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms Sustain. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3390\/ijns6030058","article-title":"Neonatal screening on tandem mass spectrometry as a powerful tool for the reassessment of the prevalence of underestimated diseases in newborns and their family members: a focus on short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency","volume":"6","author":"Messina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Neonatal Screen."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7697","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04189-z","article-title":"A survey of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in environmental water in Okinawa prefecture of Japan and relationship with indicator organisms","volume":"26","author":"Miyagi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113067","article-title":"Freshwater environments as reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria and their role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes","volume":"254","author":"Nnadozie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:10(1414)","article-title":"Bacteria loads from point and nonpoint sources in an urban watershed","volume":"131","author":"Petersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2020.00039","article-title":"Water purifying capacity of natural riverine wetlands in relation to their ecological quality","volume":"8","author":"Sileshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2019.110856","article-title":"Wastewater discharge drives ARGs spread in the coastal area: a case study in Hangzhou Bay, China","volume":"151","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bulletin"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148919","article-title":"Occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in WWTP effluent-receiving water bodies and reclaimed wastewater treatment plants","volume":"796","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.119282","article-title":"Nanopore-based long-read metagenomics uncover the resistome intrusion by antibiotic resistant bacteria from treated wastewater in receiving water body","volume":"226","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124149","article-title":"Profiles of bacteria\/phage-comediated ARGs in pig farm wastewater treatment plants in China: association with mobile genetic elements, bacterial communities and environmental factors","volume":"404","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116455","article-title":"Antibiotics and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in groundwater: a global review on dissemination, sources, interactions, environmental and human health risks","volume":"187","author":"Zainab","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1169476\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T05:51:18Z","timestamp":1686808278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1169476\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1169476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1169476","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"article-number":"1169476"}}