{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:42:27Z","timestamp":1790790147314,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32270161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32270161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32100117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32100117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32100118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32100118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) can cause a major global health burden. Current medication regimens can repress viral replication and help to control disease progression, but a complete cure is hardly achieved due to the difficulties to eradicate viral templates (cccDNA and integrates). To develop novel curative antiviral therapies for HBV\/HDV infection, it is vital to precisely understand the details of the molecular biology of both viruses and the virus-host interactions. One important prerequisite for gaining this aim is the availability of suitable <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> models that support HBV\/HDV infection, replicate both viruses <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> their authentic template and allow to adequately study host cell responses. The discovery of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) receptor as the most crucial host factor promoted HBV\/HDV research to a new era. Recently, the structure of human NTCP was solved, gaining a deeper understanding of HBV recognition as the <jats:italic>bona fide<\/jats:italic> receptor. After decades of continuous efforts, new progress has been achieved in the development of cell culture models supporting HBV\/HDV study. This review summarizes the cell culture models currently available, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each model, and highlights their future applications in HBV and HDV research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1169770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T05:13:57Z","timestamp":1680671637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["In vitro cell culture models to study hepatitis B and D virus infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenshi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33687","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M502151200","article-title":"Dephosphorylation of Ser-226 facilitates plasma membrane retention of Ntcp","volume":"280","author":"Anwer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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