{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:15:09Z","timestamp":1790709309627,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aminoglycosides are used to treat infections caused by carbapenem-resistant <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic> (CRAB) strains. However, resistance to aminoglycosides has increased remarkably in the last few years. Here, we aimed to determine the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) associated with resistance to aminoglycosides in the global clone 2 (GC2) <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>. Among the 315 <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> isolates, 97 isolates were identified as GC2, and 52 of GC2 isolates (53.6%) were resistant to all the aminoglycosides tested. The AbGRI3s carrying <jats:italic>armA<\/jats:italic> were detected in 88 GC2 isolates (90.7%), and of them, 17 isolates (19.3%) carried a new variant of AbGRI3 (AbGRI3<jats:sub>ABI221<\/jats:sub>). <jats:italic>aphA6<\/jats:italic> was located in Tn<jats:italic>aphA6<\/jats:italic> of 30 isolates out of 55 <jats:italic>aphA6<\/jats:italic>-harboring isolates, and 20 isolates were found to harbor Tn<jats:italic>aphA6<\/jats:italic> on a RepAci6 plasmid. Tn<jats:italic>6020<\/jats:italic> carrying <jats:italic>aphA1b<\/jats:italic> was detected in 51 isolates (52.5%), which was located within AbGRI2 resistance islands. The pRAY<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup> carrying the <jats:italic>aadB<\/jats:italic> gene was detected in 43 isolates (44.3%), and no isolate was found to contain a class 1 integron harboring this gene. The GC2 <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> isolates contained at least one MGE carrying the aminoglycoside resistance gene, located mostly either in the chromosome within AbGRIs or on the plasmids. Thus, it is likely that these MGEs play a role in the dissemination of aminoglycoside resistance genes in GC2 isolates from Iran.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1172861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T06:06:47Z","timestamp":1683266807000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Mobile genetic elements carrying aminoglycoside resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates belonging to global clone 2"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ghazal","family":"Naderi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malihe","family":"Talebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roghayeh","family":"Gheybizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Seifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sedigheh","family":"Ghourchian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Rahbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Abdollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdolhossein","family":"Naseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parisa","family":"Eslami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Douraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.11924","article-title":"Prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates","volume":"214","author":"Aliakbarzade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jundishapur J. 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A.\n          28073968Antibiotic resistance in global clone 2 Acinetobacter baumannii from Singapore2017"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw542","article-title":"Variants of AbGRI3 carrying the armA gene in extensively antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from Singapore","volume":"72","author":"Blackwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8625","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/14.21.8625","article-title":"Nucleotide sequence of the AAD (2\u2032) aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase determinant aadB. Evolutionary relationship of this region with those surrounding aadA in R538-1 and dhfrll in R388","volume":"14","author":"Cameron","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlab112","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab112","article-title":"Two carbapenem-resistant ST1, ST231. 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Updat"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt454","article-title":"A GC1 Acinetobacter baumannii isolate carrying AbaR3 and the aminoglycoside resistance transposon TnaphA6 in a conjugative plasmid","volume":"69","author":"Hamidian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks318","article-title":"Variants of the gentamicin and tobramycin resistance plasmid pRAY are widely distributed in Acinetobacter","volume":"67","author":"Hamidian","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000052","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000052","article-title":"Five decades of genome evolution in the globally distributed, extensively antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii global clone 1","volume":"2","author":"Holt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01972","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01972-16","article-title":"Occurrence of diverse AbGRI1-type genomic islands in Acinetobacter baumannii global clone 2 isolates from South Korea","volume":"61","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S290584","article-title":"Prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance and aminoglycoside modifying enzymes in Acinetobacter baumannii among intensive care unit patients, Ismailia, Egypt","volume":"14","author":"Kishk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3201","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00221-11","article-title":"Diversity and evolution of AbaR genomic resistance islands in Acinetobacter baumannii strains of European clone I","volume":"55","author":"Krizova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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