{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T20:22:34Z","timestamp":1792873354609,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic> are widespread in aquatic environments and are considered emerging pathogens in humans and animals. Multidrug resistant (MDR) <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic> circulating in the aquatic environment and food production chain can potentially disseminate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to humans <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> the foodborne route. In this study, we aimed to investigate AMR and virulence factors of 22 <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic> strains isolated from ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood. A multilocus phylogenetic analysis (MLPA) using the concatenated sequences of six housekeeping genes (<jats:italic>gyrB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>rpoD<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>recA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>dnaJ<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>dnaX<\/jats:italic>) in the 22 <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic> genomes and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis revealed eight different species; <jats:italic>A. caviae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A. dhakensis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A. media<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A. rivipollensis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A. salmonicida<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A. bestiarum<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>A. piscicola<\/jats:italic>. The presence of virulence genes, AMR genes and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic> genomes was predicted using different databases. Our data showed that the genes responsible for adherence and motility (Msh type IV pili, tap type IV pili, polar flagella), type II secretion system (T2SS) and hemolysins were present in all strains, while the genes encoding enterotoxins and type VI secretion system (T6SS) including major effectors were highly prevalent. Multiple AMR genes encoding <jats:italic>\u03b2-<\/jats:italic>lactamases such as <jats:italic>cphA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>bla<jats:sub>OXA<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> were detected, and the distribution of those genes was species-specific. In addition, the quinolone resistance gene, <jats:italic>qnrS2<\/jats:italic> was found in a IncQ type plasmid of the <jats:italic>A. rivopollensis<\/jats:italic> strain A539. Furthermore, we observed the co-localization of a class I integron (<jats:italic>intl1<\/jats:italic>) with two AMR genes (<jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>aadA1<\/jats:italic>), and a Tn521 transposon carrying a mercury operon in <jats:italic>A. caviae<\/jats:italic> strain SU4-2. Various MGEs including other transposons and insertion sequence (IS) elements were identified without strongly associating with detected AMR genes or virulence genes. In conclusion, <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic> strains in RTE seafood were potentially pathogenic, carrying several virulence-related genes. <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic> carrying multiple AMR genes and MGEs could potentially be involved in the dissemination and spread of AMR genes to other bacterial species residing in the same environment and possibly to humans. Considering a One-Health approach, we highlight the significance of monitoring AMR caused by <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic> circulating in the food chain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1175304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T14:24:30Z","timestamp":1688135070000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Whole genome sequence analysis of Aeromonas spp. isolated from ready-to-eat seafood: antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hye-Jeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia E.","family":"Storesund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rn-Tore","family":"Lunestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunniva","family":"Hoel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"Lerfall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita Nordeng","family":"Jakobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040568","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1040568","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis on antimicrobial resistance in marine bivalves","volume":"13","author":"Albini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2006.02.006","article-title":"Co-selection of antibiotic and metal resistance","volume":"14","author":"Baker-Austin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2009.02625.x","article-title":"Detection of metallo-beta-lactamases-encoding genes in environmental isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas jandaei","volume":"49","author":"Balsalobre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","article-title":"SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing","volume":"19","author":"Bankevich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comput. Biol."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12025","article-title":"Aeromonas spp. whole genomes and virulence factors implicated in fish disease","volume":"36","author":"Beaz-Hidalgo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0115813","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115813","article-title":"Strategies to avoid wrongly labelled genomes using as example the detected wrong taxonomic aliation for Aeromonas genomes in the Genbank database","volume":"10","author":"Beaz-Hidalgo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa345","article-title":"ResFinder 4.0 for predictions of phenotypes from genotypes","volume":"75","author":"Bortolaia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01019-07","article-title":"Contribution of type IV pili to the virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)","volume":"76","author":"Boyd","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6583","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.22.6583-6591","article-title":"The ADP-ribosylating toxin, AexT, from Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is translocated via a type III secretion pathway","volume":"185","author":"Burr","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.6.1211","article-title":"A functional classification scheme for beta-lactamases and its correlation with molecular structure","volume":"39","author":"Bush","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.3.852-862.2006","article-title":"Analysis of the lateral flagellar gene system of Aeromonas hydrophila AH-3","volume":"188","author":"Canals","year":"","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.2.542-555.2006","article-title":"Polar flagellum biogenesis in Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"188","author":"Canals","year":"","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3895","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02412-14","article-title":"In silico detection and typing of plasmids using PlasmidFinder and plasmid multilocus sequence typing","volume":"58","author":"Carattoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1402.070677","article-title":"Unexpected occurrence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in environmental Aeromonas spp","volume":"14","author":"Cattoir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0964-8305(03)00044-1","article-title":"Disinfectant resistance mechanisms, cross-resistance, and co-resistance","volume":"51","author":"Chapman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.08.008","article-title":"Complexity of \u03b2-lactamases among clinical Aeromonas isolates and its clinical implications","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02732","article-title":"OXA-830, a novel chromosomally encoded extended-spectrum class D \u03b2-lactamase in Aeromonas simiae","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/s1286-4579(99)00202-6","article-title":"Enterotoxins in Aeromonas-associated gastroenteritis","volume":"1","author":"Chopra","year":"1999","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1139\/m93-073","article-title":"Cloning, expression, and sequence analysis of a cytolytic enterotoxin gene from Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"39","author":"Chopra","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(94)90528-2","article-title":"Cloning and expression of putative cytotonic enterotoxin-encoding genes from Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"139","author":"Chopra","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria Isolated From Aquatic Animals: Second Informational Supplement CLSI Document VET03\/VET04-S2","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Methods for antimicrobial dilution and disk susceptibility testing of infrequently isolated or fastidious Bacteria","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02136","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02136-14","article-title":"Bioinformatic genome comparisons for taxonomic and phylogenetic assignments using Aeromonas as a test case","volume":"5","author":"Colston","year":"2014","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01239-12","article-title":"Comparative sequence analysis of a multidrug-resistant plasmid from Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"57","author":"del Castillo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008870","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1008870","article-title":"Aeromonas species isolated from aquatic organisms, insects, chicken, and humans in India show similar antimicrobial resistance profiles","volume":"13","author":"Dubey","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022639","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1022639","article-title":"Characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes of Aeromonas media strain SD\/21-15 from marine sediments in comparison with other Aeromonas spp","volume":"13","author":"Dubey","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz025","article-title":"CMY-1\/MOX-family AmpC \u03b2-lactamases MOX-1, MOX-2 and MOX-9 were mobilized independently from three Aeromonas species","volume":"74","author":"Ebmeyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e06651","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2021.6651","article-title":"Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain","volume":"19","author":"Koutsoumanis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Food Safety Authority J."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2023.109772","article-title":"Genomic traits of Aeromonas veronii isolated from slaughtered Danish broilers","volume":"283","author":"Erickson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00117-13","article-title":"OXA \u03b2-lactamases","volume":"27","author":"Evans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00483","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00483-19","article-title":"Validating the AMRFinder tool and resistance gene database by using antimicrobial resistance genotype-phenotype correlations in a collection of isolates","volume":"63","author":"Feldgarden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8010129","article-title":"An update on the genus Aeromonas: taxonomy, epidemiology, and pathogenicity","volume":"8","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Bravo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00927","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00927-14","article-title":"Taxonomic affiliation of new genomes should be verified using average nucleotide identity and multilocus phylogenetic analysis","volume":"2","author":"Figueras","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Announc."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/s0369-8114(03)00027-0","article-title":"Ph\u00e9notypes de r\u00e9sistance aux beta-lactamines dans le genre Aeromonas [phenotypes of beta-lactam resistance in the genus Aeromonas]","volume":"51","author":"Fosse","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pathol. Biol. (Paris)"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01881","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in the food chain: a developing country-perspective","volume":"7","author":"Founou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00921-10","article-title":"Diversity of clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in Aeromonas spp. from the Seine River, Paris, France","volume":"55","author":"Girlich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad326","article-title":"Proksee: in-depth characterization and visualization of bacterial genomes","author":"Grant","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.06304-11","article-title":"Bundle-forming pilus locus of Aeromonas veronii bv","volume":"80","author":"Hadi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sobria. Infect Immun."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2012.03208.x","article-title":"A small IncQ-type plasmid carrying the quinolone resistance (qnrS2) gene from Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"54","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13559.x","article-title":"Distribution of two hemolytic toxin genes in clinical and environmental isolates of Aeromonas spp.: correlation with virulence in a suckling mouse model","volume":"174","author":"Heuzenroeder","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563482","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.563482","article-title":"Carbapenem resistant Aeromonas hydrophila carrying blacphA7 isolated from two solid organ transplant patients","volume":"10","author":"Hilt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-14-480","article-title":"Assessment of microbiological quality of retail fresh sushi from selected sources in Norway","volume":"78","author":"Hoel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00931","article-title":"Species distribution and prevalence of putative virulence factors in mesophilic Aeromonas spp. isolated from fresh retail sushi","volume":"8","author":"Hoel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7030091","article-title":"The significance of mesophilic Aeromonas spp. in minimally processed ready-to-eat seafood","volume":"7","author":"Hoel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07641-9","article-title":"High throughput ANI analysis of 90K prokaryotic genomes reveals clear species boundaries","volume":"9","author":"Jain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00039-09","article-title":"The genus Aeromonas: taxonomy, pathogenicity, and infection","volume":"23","author":"Janda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa390","article-title":"Detection of mobile genetic elements associated with antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica using a newly developed web tool: MobileElementFinder","volume":"76","author":"Johansson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01731581","article-title":"A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences","volume":"16","author":"Kimura","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.4.1939-1945.2004","article-title":"Aeromonas flagella (polar and lateral) are enterocyte adhesins that contribute to biofilm formation on surfaces","volume":"72","author":"Kirov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5447","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.10.5447-5454.1999","article-title":"Functional characterization of type IV pili expressed on diarrhea-associated isolates of Aeromonas species","volume":"67","author":"Kirov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.2.547-555.2002","article-title":"Lateral flagella and swarming motility in Aeromonas species","volume":"184","author":"Kirov","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14865","article-title":"Aeromonas spp. isolated from ready-to-eat seafood on the Norwegian market: prevalence, putative virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"130","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D687","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1080","article-title":"VFDB 2019: a comparative pathogenomic platform with an interactive web interface","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.734820","article-title":"Veterinary drug use in United States net pen Salmon aquaculture: implications for drug use policy","volume":"518","author":"Love","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ampbs.2014.08.007","article-title":"Aeromonas flagella and colonisation mechanisms","volume":"65","author":"Lowry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Microb. Physiol."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance","volume":"18","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2011.05.001","article-title":"Complete nucleotide sequence of a quinolone resistance gene (qnrS2) carrying plasmid of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from fish","volume":"66","author":"Majumdar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-28022-7_12","article-title":"Aeromonadales","volume-title":"Bergey\u2019s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume Two. The Proteobacteria Part B the Gammaproteobacteria","author":"Martin-Carnahan","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2010.11.014","article-title":"Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the genus Aeromonas","volume":"34","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Murcia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.ARBA-0009-2017","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: a one health perspective","volume":"6","author":"McEwen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn123","article-title":"Transferable, multiple antibiotic and mercury resistance in Atlantic Canadian isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. Salmonicida is associated with carriage of an IncA\/C plasmid similar to the Salmonella enterica plasmid pSN254","volume":"61","author":"McIntosh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1996.0031","article-title":"The role of the O-antigen lipopolysaccharide on the colonization in vivo of the germfree chicken gut by Aeromonas hydrophila serogroup O:34","volume":"20","author":"Merino","year":"1996","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bacterial capsules and evasion of immune responses","volume-title":"eLS","author":"Merino","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2011.10.010","article-title":"Novel gene cassettes and integrons in antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from urban wastewaters","volume":"163","author":"Moura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13887","article-title":"Phylogenetic analyses of the genus Aeromonas based on housekeeping gene sequencing and its influence on systematics","volume":"125","author":"Navarro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref66","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.04.006","article-title":"Identification and epidemiological relationships of Aeromonas isolates from patients with diarrhea, drinking water and foods","volume":"147","author":"Pablos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9833","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09833","article-title":"Novel insights into the pathogenicity of epidemic Aeromonas hydrophila ST251 clones from comparative genomics","volume":"5","author":"Pang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.431958.x","article-title":"Cloning of an Aeromonas hydrophila type IV pilus biogenesis gene cluster: complementation of pilus assembly functions and characterization of a type IV leader peptidase\/N-methyltransferase required for extracellular protein secretion","volume":"19","author":"Pepe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2013.02.001","article-title":"The route of antimicrobial resistance from the hospital effluent to the environment: focus on the occurrence of KPC-producing Aeromonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae in sewage","volume":"76","author":"Pic\u00e3o","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0059522","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00595-22","article-title":"Molecular and kinetic characterization of MOX-9, a plasmid-mediated enzyme representative of a novel sublineage of MOX-type class C \u03b2-lactamases","volume":"66","author":"Piccirilli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00494","article-title":"Insight into the mobilome of Aeromonas strains","volume":"6","author":"Piotrowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00863","article-title":"Occurrence and variety of \u03b2-lactamase genes among Aeromonas spp. isolated from urban wastewater treatment plant","volume":"8","author":"Piotrowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01512-08","article-title":"Diversity, epidemiology, and genetics of class D beta-lactamases","volume":"54","author":"Poirel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8982","DOI":"10.4238\/2014","article-title":"Role of MshQ in MSHA pili biosynthesis and biofilm formation of Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"13","author":"Qin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Res."},{"key":"ref76","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.38.9.2078","article-title":"Cloning and expression of a cloxacillin-hydrolyzing enzyme and a cephalosporinase from Aeromonas sobria AER 14M in Escherichia coli: requirement for an E. coli chromosomal mutation for efficient expression of the class D enzyme","volume":"38","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01337","article-title":"Virulence factors of Aeromonas hydrophila: in the wake of reclassification","volume":"7","author":"Rasmussen-Ivey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-427","article-title":"The genome of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida A449: insights into the evolution of a fish pathogen","volume":"9","author":"Reith","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19126","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906412106","article-title":"Shifting the genomic gold standard for the prokaryotic species definition","volume":"106","author":"Richter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.2.346","article-title":"Distribution of cphA or related carbapenemase-encoding genes and production of carbapenemase activity in members of the genus Aeromonas","volume":"39","author":"Rossolini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3523","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.3523-3535.2001","article-title":"Type II secretion and pathogenesis","volume":"69","author":"Sandkvist","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref83","volume-title":"State of the Art on the contribution of water to antimicrobial resistance. EUR 29592 EN","author":"Sanseverino","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8272","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00621-06","article-title":"Genome sequence of Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966T: jack of all trades","volume":"188","author":"Seshadri","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2007.05.002","article-title":"Further characterization of a type III secretion system (T3SS) and of a new effector protein from a clinical isolate of Aeromonas hydrophila\u2013part I","volume":"43","author":"Sha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref86","volume-title":"ANIclustermap: A tool for drawing ANI clustermap between all-vs-all microbial genomes [computer software]","author":"Shimoyama","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.03048-0","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Aeromonas based on two housekeeping genes","volume":"54","author":"Soler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084352","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1084352","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics, virulence potential, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and phylogenetic analysis of Aeromonas caviae isolated from extra-intestinal infections","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2015.10.006","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from different food sources: a mini-review","volume":"9","author":"Stratev","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2012.07.012","article-title":"Actin cross-linking domain of Aeromonas hydrophila repeat in toxin a (RtxA) induces host cell rounding and apoptosis","volume":"506","author":"Suarez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01260-09","article-title":"A type VI secretion system effector protein, VgrG1, from Aeromonas hydrophila that induces host cell toxicity by ADP ribosylation of actin","volume":"192","author":"Suarez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2007.10.005","article-title":"Molecular characterization of a functional type VI secretion system from a clinical isolate of Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"44","author":"Suarez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00621","article-title":"Delineation of taxonomic species within complex of species: Aeromonas media and related species as a test case","volume":"8","author":"Talagrand-Reboul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","article-title":"MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11","volume":"38","author":"Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S245553","article-title":"Co-occurrence of the blaKPC-2 and Mcr-3.3 gene in Aeromonas caviae SCAc2001 isolated from patients with diarrheal disease","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6614","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw569","article-title":"NCBI prokaryotic genome annotation pipeline","volume":"44","author":"Tatusova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3216","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03216","article-title":"Comparative genomics of Aeromonas hydrophila secretion systems and mutational analysis of hcp1 and vgrG1 genes from T6SS","volume":"9","author":"Tekedar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01395","article-title":"Reassessment of the enteropathogenicity of mesophilic Aeromonas species","volume":"7","author":"Teunis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2022.104138","article-title":"Bacterial community development and diversity during the first year of production in a new salmon processing plant","volume":"109","author":"Thomassen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10071420","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance properties among Pseudomonas spp. associated with salmon processing environments","volume":"10","author":"Thomassen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice","volume":"22","author":"Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256261","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/256261","article-title":"The main Aeromonas pathogenic factors","volume":"2012","author":"Tom\u00e1s","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Microbiol."},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5365\/wpsar.2014.5.1.010","article-title":"A community-based gastroenteritis outbreak after typhoon Haiyan, Leyte, Philippines, 2013","volume":"6","author":"Ventura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Western Pac. Surveill. Response J."},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6914","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.11.6914-6919.2004","article-title":"Complete type III secretion system of a mesophilic Aeromonas hydrophila strain","volume":"70","author":"Vilches","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.3.1048-1054","article-title":"Detection and characterization of the hemolysin genes in Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria by multiplex PCR","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667406","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.667406","article-title":"Prevalence and genetic analysis of chromosomal mcr-3\/7 in Aeromonas from U.S. animal-derived samples","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2005.01.009","article-title":"Structural and serological characterization of the O-chain polysaccharide of Aeromonas salmonicida strains A449, 80204 and 80204-1","volume":"340","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-2-291","article-title":"Inactivation of two haemolytic toxin genes in Aeromonas hydrophila attenuates virulence in a suckling mouse model","volume":"144","author":"Wong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.038323-0","article-title":"Distribution and phenotypic and genotypic detection of a metallo-\u03b2-lactamase, CphA, among bacteraemic Aeromonas isolates","volume":"61","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref110","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Aeromonas","author":"Wu","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.08.002","article-title":"AQU-1, a chromosomal class C \u03b2-lactamase, among clinical Aeromonas dhakensis isolates: distribution and clinical significance","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02443-0","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of members of the genus Aeromonas based on gyrB gene sequences","volume":"53","author":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.016337-0","article-title":"Emergence of CTX-M-3, TEM-1 and a new plasmid-mediated MOX-4 AmpC in a multiresistant Aeromonas caviae isolate from a patient with pneumonia","volume":"59","author":"Ye","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks496","article-title":"Genotyping using whole-genome sequencing is a realistic alternative to surveillance based on phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing","volume":"68","author":"Zankari","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5365\/WPSAR.2012.3.4.018","article-title":"A foodborne outbreak of Aeromonas hydrophila in a college, Xingyi City, Guizhou, China, 2012","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Western Pac. Surveill. Response J."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1175304\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T14:24:39Z","timestamp":1688135079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1175304\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"references-count":115,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1175304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1175304","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"article-number":"1175304"}}