{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:38:53Z","timestamp":1790293133690,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lipid A is the hydrophobic component of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and an activator of the host immune system. Bacteria modify their lipid A structure to adapt to the surrounding environment and, in some cases, to evade recognition by host immune cells. In this study, lipid A structural diversity within the <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> genus was explored. The individual <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> species have dramatically different pathogenic potential that ranges from non-infectious to life-threatening disease (leptospirosis). Ten distinct lipid A profiles, denoted L1-L10, were discovered across 31 <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> reference species, laying a foundation for lipid A-based molecular typing. Tandem MS analysis revealed structural features of <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> membrane lipids that might alter recognition of its lipid A by the host innate immune receptors. Results of this study will aid development of strategies to improve diagnosis and surveillance of leptospirosis, as well as guide functional studies on <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> lipid A activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1181034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T04:35:18Z","timestamp":1684989318000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Lipid A structural diversity among members of the genus Leptospira"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Helena","family":"P\u011btro\u0161ov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abanoub","family":"Mikhael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Culos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Giraud-Gatineau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alloysius M.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert K.","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline E.","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Picardeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Goodlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.1999.0834","article-title":"Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) formulations for the next generation of vaccines","volume":"19","author":"Baldridge","year":"1999","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00478","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00478-15","article-title":"Reinforcing lipid A acylation on the cell surface of Acinetobacter baumannii promotes cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance and desiccation","volume":"6","author":"Boll","year":"2015","journal-title":"Survival"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4061","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.066597-0","article-title":"Leptospira mayottensis sp. nov., a pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira isolated from humans","volume":"64","author":"Bourhy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. 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