{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:50:56Z","timestamp":1790830256153,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFA0901900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFA0901900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22207073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22207073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012242","name":"Program of Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21XD1401300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21XD1401300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enterobactin is an archetypical catecholate siderophore that plays a key role in the acquisition of ferric iron by microorganisms. Catechol moieties have been shown to be promising siderophore cores. Variants of the conserved 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate (DHB) moiety with structural modifications expand the bioactivity. <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic> are characterized by metabolites with diverse structures. The genomic sequence of <jats:italic>Streptomyces varsoviensis<\/jats:italic> indicated that it possessed a biosynthetic gene cluster for DHB containing siderophores and metabolic profiling revealed metabolites correlated with catechol-type natural products. Here, we report the discovery of a series of catecholate siderophores produced by <jats:italic>S. varsoviensis<\/jats:italic> and a scale-up fermentation was performed to purify these compounds for structural elucidation. A biosynthetic route for the catecholate siderophores is also proposed. These new structural features enrich the structural diversity of the enterobactin family compounds. One of the new linear enterobactin congeners shows moderate activity against a food-borne pathogen <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>. This work demonstrated that changing culture conditions is still a promising approach to explore unexplored chemical diversity. The availability of the biosynthetic machinery will enrich the genetic toolbox of catechol siderophores and facilitate such engineering efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1182449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T04:42:42Z","timestamp":1683088962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Catechol siderophores framed on 2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl-L-serine from Streptomyces varsoviensis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangjun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12682","DOI":"10.1021\/ja903051q","article-title":"Enzymatic hydrolysis of trilactone siderophores: where chiral recognition occurs in enterobactin and bacillibactin iron transport","volume":"131","author":"Abergel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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