{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:05:48Z","timestamp":1788455148368,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011811","name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPKJ201905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPKJ201905"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011811","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    is sometimes used in food production; however, its acquisition of antibiotic resistance has become an alarming health concern. The\n                    <jats:italic>E. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                    species is closely related to\n                    <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and has good probiotic potential. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance of\n                    <jats:italic>E. lactis.<\/jats:italic>\n                    We analyzed the antibiotic resistance phenotype and whole-genome sequences of 60\n                    <jats:italic>E. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates (23, 29, and 8 isolates from dairy products, Rice wine Koji, and human feces, respectively). These isolates showed varying degree of resistance to 13 antibiotics, and were sensitive to ampicillin and linezolid. The\n                    <jats:italic>E. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                    genomes carried only a subset of commonly reported antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in\n                    <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Five ARGs were detected across the investigated\n                    <jats:italic>E. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , including two universally present genes (\n                    <jats:italic>msrC<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>AAC(6\u2032)-Ii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and three rarely detected ARGs (\n                    <jats:italic>tet(L)<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>tetM<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>efmA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). To identify other undescribed antibiotic resistance-encoding genes, a genome-wide association study was performed, returning 160 potential resistance genes that were associated with six antibiotics, namely chloramphenicol, vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and rifampicin. Only around one-third of these genes encode known biological functions, including cellular metabolism, membrane transport, and DNA synthesis. This work identified interesting targets for future study of antibiotic resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>E. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The fact that the lower number of ARGs present in\n                    <jats:italic>E. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                    supports that it may be an alternative to\n                    <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    for use in the food industry. Data generated in this work is of interest to the dairy industry.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1196558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:46:17Z","timestamp":1684716377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Safety assessment of Enterococcus lactis based on comparative genomics and phenotypic analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jingda","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinwei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameh","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muying","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)13797-9","article-title":"A study of the streptococci pathogenic for man","volume":"168","author":"Andrewes","year":"1906","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2761","article-title":"The rise of the enterococcus: beyond vancomycin resistance","volume":"10","author":"Arias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. 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