{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:18:46Z","timestamp":1793042326725,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012542","name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> 4,[5],12:i:-, a monophasic variant of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium, has become a global serovar causing animal and human infections since its first emergence in the late 1980's. Several previous studies showed the increasing prevalence of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. 4,[5],12:i:- in China, most of which were from swine with multidrug resistance (MDR) profiles. However, the molecular characteristic and evolution of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. 4,[5],12:i:- in the same swine farm are still unknown. In this study, a total of 54 <jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic> strains were isolated from different fattening pigs aged 1, 3, and 6 months, most of which belonged to <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. 4,[5],12:i:-. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that all 45 <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. 4,[5],12:i:- strains belonged to ST34 and were further divided into two different ribosomal STs and nine different core-genome STs. Phylogenetic analysis of 286 <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. 4,[5],12:i:- strains in China, including 241 from the EnteroBase <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> database, revealed the genetic diversity of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. 4,[5],12:i:- and indicated that <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. 4,[5],12:i:- in this swine farm might have multiple origins. Three different IncHI2 plasmids carrying various resistance genes were characterized by nanopore sequencing and could be conjugated to <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>. The colistin resistance gene <jats:italic>mcr-1<\/jats:italic> and ESBLs gene <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX \u2212 M\u221214<\/jats:sub> were co-located on the chromosome of one strain. The dynamic changes in antimicrobial resistance regions and transferability of IncHI2 plasmids, as well as the chromosomal location of resistance genes, facilitated the diversity of the antimicrobial resistance characteristics in <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. 4,[5],12:i:-. Since the swine farm is regarded as the important reservoir of MDR <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. 4,[5],12:i:-, the prevalence and evolution of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. 4,[5],12:i:- from swine farms to pig products and humans should be continually monitored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1200088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T09:06:15Z","timestamp":1686819975000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prevalence and genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium monophasic variant in a swine farm from China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tie-Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weicheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengjiang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Wei","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-402","article-title":"BLAST Ring Image Generator (BRIG): Simple prokaryote genome comparisons","volume":"12","author":"Alikhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007261","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007261","article-title":"A genomic overview of the population structure of Salmonella","volume":"14","author":"Alikhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-75","article-title":"The RAST Server: Rapid annotations using subsystems technology","volume":"9","author":"Aziz","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2017.08.018","article-title":"Salmonella epidemiology: A whirlwind of change","volume":"71","author":"Besser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881700036X","article-title":"Salmonella in the pork production chain and its impact on human health in the European Union","volume":"145","author":"Bonardi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol. 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