{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:44:50Z","timestamp":1783478690020,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Horse clinics are hotspots for the accumulation and spread of clinically relevant and zoonotic multidrug-resistant bacteria, including extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing (ESBL) Enterobacterales. Although median laparotomy in cases of acute equine colic is a frequently performed surgical intervention, knowledge about the effects of peri-operative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) based on a combination of penicillin and gentamicin on the gut microbiota is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We collected fecal samples of horses from a non-hospitalized control group (CG) and from horses receiving either a pre-surgical single-shot (SSG) or a peri-operative 5-day (5DG) course of PAP. To assess differences between the two PAP regimens and the CG, all samples obtained at hospital admission (t\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), on days three (t\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and 10 (t\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) after surgery, were screened for ESBL-producing Enterobacterales and subjected to 16S rRNA V1\u2013V2 gene sequencing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 48 samples in the SSG (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u200916 horses), 45 in the 5DG (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u200915), and 20 in the CG (for t\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      and t\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u200910). Two samples of equine patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis (6.5%) were positive for ESBL-producing Enterobacterales at t\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      , while this rate increased to 67% at t\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      and decreased only slightly at t\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (61%). Shannon diversity index (SDI) was used to evaluate alpha-diversity changes, revealing there was no significant difference between horses suffering from acute colic (5DG, SDI\n                      <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                      of 5.90, SSG, SDI\n                      <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                      of 6.17) when compared to the CG (SDI\n                      <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                      of 6.53) at t\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Alpha-diversity decreased significantly in both PAP groups at t\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , while at t\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      the onset of microbiome recovery was noticed. Although we did not identify a significant SDI\n                      <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                      difference with respect to PAP duration, the community structure (beta-diversity) was considerably restricted in samples of the 5DG at t\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , most likely due to the ongoing administration of antibiotics. An increased abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae,<\/jats:italic>\n                      especially\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , was noted for both study groups at t\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Colic surgery and PAP drive the equine gut microbiome towards dysbiosis and reduced biodiversity that is accompanied by an increase of samples positive for ESBL-producing Enterobacterales. Further studies are needed to reveal important factors promoting the increase and residency of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales among hospitalized horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1228845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T06:06:29Z","timestamp":1700719589000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Antibiotic prophylaxis and hospitalization of horses subjected to median laparotomy: gut microbiota trajectories and abundance increase of Escherichia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Kauter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Brombach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antina","family":"L\u00fcbke-Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dania","family":"Kannapin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f6ren","family":"Franzenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabita D.","family":"Stoeckle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Mellmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Scherff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"K\u00f6ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Guenther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lothar H.","family":"Wieler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidrun","family":"Gehlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Semmler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silver A.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Walther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2005.05.019","article-title":"Supplementary feeding of horses with processed sorghum grains and oats","volume":"125","author":"Al Jassim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim. 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