{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T23:35:32Z","timestamp":1782171332545,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic> species have been identified as agents responsible for various diseases in both humans and animals. Multidrug-resistant <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic> strains pose a significant public health threat due to their emergence and spread in clinical settings and the environment. The aim of this study was to determine a novel resistance mechanism against aminoglycoside antimicrobials in a clinical isolate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The function of <jats:italic>aac(6\u2032)-Va<\/jats:italic> was verified by gene cloning and antibiotic susceptibility tests. To explore the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> activity of the enzyme, recombinant proteins were expressed, and enzyme kinetics were tested. To determine the molecular background and mechanism of <jats:italic>aac(6\u2032)-Va<\/jats:italic>, whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The novel aminoglycoside <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-acetyltransferase gene <jats:italic>aac(6\u2032)-Va<\/jats:italic> confers resistance to several aminoglycosides. Among the antimicrobials tested, ribostamycin showed the highest increase (128-fold) in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) compared with the control strains. According to the MIC results of the cloned <jats:italic>aac(6\u2032)-Va<\/jats:italic>, AAC(6\u2032)-Va also showed the highest catalytic efficiency for ribostamycin [<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>cat<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> ratio\u2009=\u2009(3.35\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17)\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\u2009M<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u2009s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>]. Sharing the highest amino acid identity of 54.68% with AAC(6\u2032)-VaIc, the novel aminoglycoside <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-acetyltransferase constituted a new branch of the AAC(6\u2032) family due to its different resistance profiles. The gene context of <jats:italic>aac(6\u2032)-Va<\/jats:italic> and its close relatives was conserved in the genomes of species of the genus <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The novel resistance gene <jats:italic>aac(6\u2032)-Va<\/jats:italic> confers resistance to several aminoglycosides, especially ribostamycin. Our finding of a novel resistance gene in clinical <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic> will help us develop more effective treatments for this pathogen\u2019s infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1229593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T09:03:05Z","timestamp":1697619785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Identification and characterization of a novel 6\u2032-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(6\u2032)-Va from a clinical isolate of Aeromonas hydrophila"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Guozhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuning","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naru","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongan","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kewei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiyu","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunliang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","article-title":"SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing","volume":"19","author":"Bankevich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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