{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T13:11:05Z","timestamp":1789823465794,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forensic microbiome studies expanded during the last decade, aiming to identify putative bacterial biomarkers to be used for the postmortem interval (PMI) estimation. Bacterial diversity and dynamics during decomposition are influenced by each individual\u2019s micro and macroenvironment, ante and postmortem conditions, varying across body sites and time. The skin, the largest organ of the human body, hosts a diverse microbial diversity, representing the first line of defense of a living individual. Targeting the investigation of the postmortem skin microbiome could help understanding the role of microbes during decomposition, and association with the ante and postmortem conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current study aimed to identify the postmortem skin microbiome signatures associated with eight human bodies, received at the Institute of Legal Medicine Iasi, Romania, during April and May 2021. A total of 162 samples (including triplicate) representing face and hands skin microbiome were investigated via Illumina MiSeq, upon arrival at the morgue (T0) and after 12 hours (T1).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The taxonomic characteristics of the skin microbiota varied across different body sites. However, there were no significant differences in taxonomic profiles between collection time, T0 and T1, except for some dynamic changes in the abundance of dominant bacteria. Moreover, different microbial signatures have been associated with a specific cause of death, such as cardiovascular disease, while an elevated blood alcohol level could be associated with a decrease in bacterial richness and diversity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The places where the bodies were discovered seemed to play an important role in explaining the bacterial diversity composition. This study shows promising results towards finding common postmortem bacterial signatures associated with human cadavers within the first 12h at the morgue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1234254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T05:49:37Z","timestamp":1690350577000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Postmortem skin microbiome signatures associated with human cadavers within the first 12 h at the morgue"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lavinia","family":"Iancu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azdayanti","family":"Muslim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shafiq","family":"Aazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Jitaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04472-x","article-title":"Gut microbiota in pregnant Malaysian women: a comparison between trimesters, body mass index and gestational diabetes status","volume":"22","author":"Abdullah","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12191","article-title":"Dynamics of the oral microbiota as a tool to estimate time since death","volume":"32","author":"Adserias-Garriga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694447","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.694447","article-title":"At the Interface of life and death: post-mortem and other applications of vaginal, skin, and salivary microbiome analysis in forensics","volume":"12","author":"Ahannach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-012420-105020","article-title":"Environmental influences on the human microbiome and implications for noncommunicable disease","volume":"42","author":"Ahn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.12732\/ijpam.v94i3.2","article-title":"Cutoff threshold of variable importance in projection for variable selection","volume":"94","author":"Akarachantachote","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pure Apllied Math."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118445112.stat07841","article-title":"Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA)","volume-title":"Wiley stats ref: Statistics reference online","author":"Anderson","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W88","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks497","article-title":"METAGENassist: a comprehensive web server for comparative metagenomics","volume":"40","author":"Arndt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2504(08)60168-3","article-title":"Bray-Curtis ordination: an effective strategy for analysis of multivariate ecological data","volume":"14","author":"Beals","year":"1984","journal-title":"Adv Ecol Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9020104","article-title":"Microbiome data accurately predicts the postmortem interval using random Forest regression models","volume":"9","author":"Belk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13005","article-title":"Sex-related differences in the thanatomicrobiome in postmortem heart samples using bacterial gene regions V1-2 and V4","volume":"67","author":"Bell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168731","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2023.1168731","article-title":"Growing old together: what we know about the influence of diet and exercise on the aging host\u2019s gut microbiome","volume":"5","author":"Brooks","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Sports Act. Living"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1128\/microbe.11.165.1","article-title":"The microbiome of human decomposition: studying microbial communities involved at every stage of cadaver decomposition is leading to a more precise understanding of the overall process","volume":"11","author":"Bucheli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbe Mag."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090083","article-title":"Building microbial forensics as a response to bioterrorism","volume":"301","author":"Budowle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3562","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00767-12","article-title":"Microbiome diversity in the bronchial tracts of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"50","author":"Cabrera-Rubio","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: high-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2014.07.026","article-title":"Distinctive thanatomicrobiome signatures found in the blood and internal organs of humans","volume":"106","author":"Can","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","article-title":"QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data","volume":"7","author":"Caporaso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815731-2.00006-6","article-title":"The importance of microbial communities in the estimation of the time since death","volume-title":"Estimation of the time since death","author":"Carter","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026096204727","article-title":"Nonparametric estimation of Shannon\u2019s index of diversity when there are unseen species in sample","volume":"10","author":"Chao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Ecol. Stat."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24423","article-title":"Characterization of fecal microbial communities in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177486","article-title":"Bacterial community variation in human body habitats across space and time","volume":"326","author":"Costello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12744","article-title":"Potential use of bacterial community succession in decaying human bone for estimating postmortem interval","volume":"60","author":"Damann","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3437","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3437","article-title":"Postmortem succession of gut microbial communities in deceased human subjects","volume":"5","author":"DeBruyn","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110591","article-title":"Diversity of the human intestinal microbial Flora","volume":"308","author":"Eckburg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6477","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000162107","article-title":"Forensic identification using skin bacterial communities","volume":"107","author":"Fierer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-015-0725-1","article-title":"Microbial signatures of cadaver Gravesoil during decomposition","volume":"71","author":"Finley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.21","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes strain populations in the human skin microbiome associated with acne","volume":"133","author":"Fitz-Gibbon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.05.054","article-title":"A eukaryotic community succession based method for postmortem interval (PMI) estimation of decomposing porcine remains","volume":"302","author":"Forger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0065-5","article-title":"Microbiology of the built environment","volume":"16","author":"Gilbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12010001","article-title":"Analysis of microbial communities: an emerging tool in forensic sciences","volume":"12","author":"Gouello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171700","article-title":"Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome","volume":"324","author":"Grice","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24197","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24197","article-title":"Potential use of bacterial community succession for estimating post-mortem interval as revealed by high-throughput sequencing","volume":"6","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01969-3","article-title":"Microbial succession from a subsequent secondary death event following mass mortality","volume":"20","author":"Harrison","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12828","article-title":"Estimating time since death from postmortem human gut microbial communities","volume":"60","author":"Hauther","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12033","article-title":"Comparison of protocols for measuring and calculating postmortem submersion intervals for human analogs in fresh water","volume":"58","author":"Humphreys","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77733","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077733","article-title":"The living dead: bacterial community structure of a cadaver at the onset and end of the bloat stage of decomposition","volume":"8","author":"Hyde","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-014-1128-4","article-title":"Initial insights into bacterial succession during human decomposition","volume":"129","author":"Hyde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Leg. Med."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.07.024","article-title":"Using bacterial and necrophagous insect dynamics for post-mortem interval estimation during cold season: novel case study in Romania","volume":"254","author":"Iancu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15513","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33794-0","article-title":"Characterizing forensically important insect and microbial community colonization patterns in buried remains","volume":"8","author":"Iancu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00225","article-title":"The Thanatomicrobiome: a missing piece of the microbial puzzle of death","volume":"7","author":"Javan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-018-0061-0","article-title":"An interdisciplinary review of the thanatomicrobiome in human decomposition","volume":"15","author":"Javan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12992","article-title":"Investigation into seasonal scavenging patterns of raccoons on human decomposition","volume":"61","author":"Jeong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0167370","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167370","article-title":"A machine learning approach for using the postmortem skin microbiome to estimate the postmortem interval","volume":"11","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242007000200002","article-title":"Effect of an alcoholic diet on dental caries and on Streptococcus of the mutans group: study in rats","volume":"21","author":"Kantorski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Braz. Oral Res."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555347","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.555347","article-title":"Dysbiosis in the dead: human postmortem microbiome Beta-dispersion as an Indicator of manner and cause of death","volume":"11","author":"Kaszubinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13949","article-title":"Trace evidence potential in postmortem skin microbiomes: from death scene to morgue","volume":"64","author":"Kodama","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-015-0082-9","article-title":"Forensic analysis of the microbiome of phones and shoes","volume":"3","author":"Lax","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s13530-016-0284-y","article-title":"Forensic analysis using microbial community between skin bacteria and fabrics","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109765","article-title":"Age and the aging process significantly alter the small bowel microbiome","volume":"36","author":"Leite","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569630","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.569630","article-title":"Effects of extended postmortem interval on microbial communities in organs of the human cadaver","volume":"11","author":"Lutz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e447","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.447","article-title":"Mobile phones carry the personal microbiome of their owners","volume":"2","author":"Meadow","year":"2014","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2018.11.004","article-title":"Estimating the postmortem interval using microbes: knowledge gaps and a path to technology adoption","volume":"38","author":"Metcalf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01104","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.01104","article-title":"A microbial clock provides an accurate estimate of the postmortem interval in a mouse model system","volume":"2","author":"Metcalf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2017.03.006","article-title":"Microbiome tools for forensic science","volume":"35","author":"Metcalf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151001","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2023.1151001","article-title":"The impact of freezing on the post-mortem human microbiome","volume":"11","author":"Ogbanga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.04.008","article-title":"Temporal stability of the human skin microbiome","volume":"165","author":"Oh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-018-9414-6","article-title":"Microbial forensics: new breakthroughs and future prospects","volume":"102","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1080\/24694452.2018.1519407","article-title":"Initial evidence of the relationships between the human postmortem microbiome and neighborhood blight and greening efforts","volume":"109","author":"Pearson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Assoc. Geogr."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5724","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23989-w","article-title":"A large-scale survey of the postmortem human microbiome, and its potential to provide insight into the living health condition","volume":"8","author":"Pechal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2012.06.002","article-title":"Using partial least squares in operations management research: a practical guideline and summary of past research","volume":"30","author":"Peng","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Oper. Manag."},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"734","article-title":"The Essentials of Forensic Medicine","author":"Plueckhahn","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/02602930903541007","article-title":"Feedback: all that effort, but what is the effect?","volume":"35","author":"Price","year":"2010","journal-title":"Assess. Eval. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630397","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2021.630397","article-title":"Microbiome in death and beyond: current vistas and future trends","volume":"9","author":"Roy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.04.011","article-title":"Control of brain development, function, and behavior by the microbiome","volume":"17","author":"Sampson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01672","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01672-17","article-title":"Forensic human identification using skin microbiomes","volume":"83","author":"Schmedes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2022.102686","article-title":"Microbial DNA in human nucleic acid extracts: recoverability of the microbiome in DNA extracts stored frozen long-term and its potential and ethical implications for forensic investigation","volume":"59","author":"Sguazzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0686-6","article-title":"Longitudinal homogenization of the microbiome between both occupants and the built environment in a cohort of United States air Force cadets","volume":"7","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.027","article-title":"The central nervous system and the gut microbiome","volume":"167","author":"Sharon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2015.06.011","article-title":"Proteobacteria: microbial signature of dysbiosis in gut microbiota","volume":"33","author":"Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00932-09","article-title":"Drinking habits are associated with changes in the dental plaque microbial community","volume":"48","author":"Signoretto","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02616","article-title":"Temporal and spatial impact of human cadaver decomposition on soil bacterial and arthropod community structure and function","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15426","article-title":"Microbial traces and their role in forensic science","volume":"132","author":"Speruda","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-014-0250-2","article-title":"Alcohol and tobacco consumption affects bacterial richness in oral cavity mucosa biofilms","volume":"14","author":"Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112641","article-title":"Post-mortem interval and microbiome analysis through 16S rRNA analysis: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Tozzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12124","article-title":"Evaluation of postmortem bacterial migration using culturing and real-time quantitative PCR","volume":"58","author":"Tuomisto","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06244","article-title":"The human microbiome project","volume":"449","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0237-y","article-title":"Normalization and microbial differential abundance strategies depend upon data characteristics","volume":"5","author":"Weiss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1616-2","article-title":"Aging progression of human gut microbiota","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1234254\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T05:49:43Z","timestamp":1690350583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1234254\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1234254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1234254","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"article-number":"1234254"}}