{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T20:47:30Z","timestamp":1779396450396,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31772709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31772709"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015CFB316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015CFB316"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies have reported an association between gut microbiota and cirrhosis. However, the causality between intestinal flora and liver cirrhosis still remains unclear. In this study, bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to ascertain the potential causal effect between gut microbes and cirrhosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Large-scale Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) data of cirrhosis and gut microbes were obtained from FinnGen, Mibiogen consortium, and a GWAS meta-analysis of Alcoholic cirrhosis (ALC). Two-sample MR was performed to determine the causal relationship between gut microbiota and cirrhosis. Furthermore, a bi-directional MR analysis was employed to examine the direction of the causal relations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>In MR analysis, we found that 21 gut microbiotas were potentially associated with cirrhosis. In reverse MR analysis, 11 gut microbiotas displayed potentially associations between genetic liability in the gut microbiome and cirrhosis. We found that the family <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic> (OR: 1.59, 95% CI:1.10\u20132.29) might be harmful in cirrhotic conditions (ICD-10: K74). Furthermore, the genus <jats:italic>Erysipelatoclostridium<\/jats:italic> might be a protective factor for cirrhosis (OR:0.55, 95% CI:0.34\u20130.88) and PBC (OR:0.68, 95% CI:0.52\u20130.89). Combining the results from the MR analysis and reverse MR analysis, we firstly identified the <jats:italic>Genus Butyricicoccus<\/jats:italic> had a bi-directional causal effect on PBC (Forward: OR: 0.37, 95% CI:0.15\u20130.93; Reverse: OR: 1.03, 95% CI:1.00\u20131.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found a new potential causal effect between cirrhosis and intestinal flora and provided new insights into the role of gut microbiota in the pathological progression of liver cirrhosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1256874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T08:59:32Z","timestamp":1697619572000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The causality between gut microbiome and liver cirrhosis: a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qing-Ao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Fei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Gang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Jiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin-Tao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin-Feng","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu-Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Decheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Yan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.10.003","article-title":"The gut-liver axis in liver disease: pathophysiological basis for therapy","volume":"72","author":"Albillos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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