{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:00:29Z","timestamp":1790272829604,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The present study investigated the effects of bilberry anthocyanin (BA) on immune function when alleviating\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      Typhimurium (\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Typhimurium) infection in chickens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 180 newly hatched yellow-feathered male chicks were assigned to three groups (CON, SI, and SI + BA). Birds in CON and SI were fed a basal diet, and those in SI + BA were supplemented with 100 mg\/kg BA for 18 days. Birds in SI and SI + BA received 0.5 ml suspension of\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Typhimurium (2 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                      CFU\/ml) by oral gavage at 14 and 16 days of age, and those in CON received equal volumes of sterile PBS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At day 18, (1) dietary BA alleviated weight loss of chickens caused by\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Typhimurium infection (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.01). (2) Supplementation with BA reduced the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.01) and jejunal villus height (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05) and increased the number of goblet cells (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.01) and the expression of\n                      <jats:italic>MUC2<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05) in jejunal mucosa, compared with birds in SI. (3) Supplementation with BA decreased (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05) the concentration of immunoglobulins and cytokines in plasma (IgA, IL-1\u03b2, IL-8, and IFN-\u03b2) and jejunal mucosa (IgG, IgM, sIgA, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b2, and IFN-\u03b3) of\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Typhimurium-infected chickens. (4) BA regulated a variety of biological processes, especially the defense response to bacteria and humoral immune response, and suppressed cytokine\u2013cytokine receptor interaction and intestinal immune network for IgA production pathways by downregulating 6 immune-related proteins.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In summary, the impaired growth performance and disruption of jejunal morphology caused by\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Typhimurium were alleviated by dietary BA by affecting the expression of immune-related genes and proteins, and signaling pathways are related to immune response associated with immune cytokine receptors and production in jejunum.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1266977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T05:38:02Z","timestamp":1700804282000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Transcriptome and proteome profile of jejunum in chickens challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium revealed the effects of dietary bilberry anthocyanin on immune function"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinling","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuli","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiajing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyong","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud M.","family":"Azzam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouqun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103870","article-title":"Comparative effects of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on live performance, blood metabolites and intestinal features in broiler inoculated with Salmonella infection during the finisher phase","volume":"139","author":"Abudabos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. 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