{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:39:39Z","timestamp":1790095179254,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic> is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen that inhabits artificial water systems and can be transmitted to human hosts by contaminated aerosols. Upon inhalation, it colonizes and grows inside the alveolar macrophages and causes Legionnaires\u2019 disease. To effectively control and manage Legionnaires\u2019 disease, a deep understanding of the host-pathogen interaction is crucial. Bacterial extracellular vesicles, particularly outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have emerged as mediators of intercellular communication between bacteria and host cells. These OMVs carry a diverse cargo, including proteins, toxins, virulence factors, and nucleic acids. OMVs play a pivotal role in disease pathogenesis by helping bacteria in colonization, delivering virulence factors into host cells, and modulating host immune responses. This review highlights the role of OMVs in the context of host-pathogen interaction shedding light on the pathogenesis of <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>. Understanding the functions of OMVs and their cargo provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets and interventions for combating Legionnaires\u2019 disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1270123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T06:13:48Z","timestamp":1695708828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Role of Legionella pneumophila outer membrane vesicles in host-pathogen interaction"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Ayesha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franklin Wang-Ngai","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polly Hang-Mei","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201300328","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of outer membrane vesicles from the probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917","volume":"14","author":"Aguilera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.9.2962-2965.2003","article-title":"Gentamicin delivery to Burkholderia cepacia group IIIa strains via membrane vesicles from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1","volume":"47","author":"Allan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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