{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T22:04:19Z","timestamp":1782338659882,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent an observational study has suggested a potential connection between gut microbiota (GM) and peptic ulcer diseases (PUDs), particularly gastric ulcer (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU). However, the causal connection remains unsure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) is carried out to explore the connection between the GM and DU or GU. Data on the GM comes from the MiBioGend database, and GU or DU data are based on the FinnGen database. One group of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>) are served as instrumental variables (IVs). To obtain a more comprehensive conclusion, the other SNPs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>) are selected as IVs. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) is used to determine the causal relationship.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At the level of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>, the IVW analysis suggests that Clostridiaceae1, Butyriccoccus, and Peptcoccus have harmful effects on GU, while LachnospiraceaeUCG004 and MollicutesRF9 have beneficial effects on GU. Then, in the case of DU, the IVW analysis suggested that Lentisphaeria, Negativicutes, Clostridiaceae1, ClostridiumseMnsustricto1, ErysipelotrichaceaeUCG003, LachnospiraceaeNC2004group, Selenomonadale, Victivallales, and Lentisphaerae have harmful effects, while Catenibacterium, Escherichia.Shigella, LachnospiraceaeUCG008, and Sutterella have beneficial effects. When <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>, IVW analysis suggests that GM has no significant influence on GU or DU.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This two-sample MR indicates a causal relationship between GM and GU or DU.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1277300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T05:31:17Z","timestamp":1704951077000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association between gut microbiota and peptic ulcer disease, particularly gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchao","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xulei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingliang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghui","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daguang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506655103","article-title":"Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach","volume":"103","author":"Bik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2015.12.003","article-title":"Probiotics in Helicobacter pylori-induced peptic ulcer disease","volume":"30","author":"Boltin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","article-title":"Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression","volume":"44","author":"Bowden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21998","article-title":"Bias due to participant overlap in two-sample Mendelian randomization","volume":"40","author":"Burgess","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00126","article-title":"Comparisons between bacterial communities in mucosa in patients with gastric antrum ulcer and a duodenal ulcer","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect Microbiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.4175","article-title":"Assessment of bidirectional relationships between physical activity and depression among adults: a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"76","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatr."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1993.tb00594.x","article-title":"The need for long-term treatment of peptic ulcer","volume":"7","author":"Dobrilla","year":"1993","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110591","article-title":"Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora","volume":"308","author":"Eckburg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)91396-9","article-title":"Bacteria in the stomach","volume":"2","author":"Gillespie","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06193-7","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori: a review of current diagnostic and management strategies","volume":"65","author":"Guevara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10644","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i37.10644","article-title":"Are probiotics useful in Helicobacter pylori eradication?","volume":"21","author":"Homan","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i11.1257","article-title":"Bacterial flora concurrent with Helicobacter pylori in the stomach of patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-00763-1","article-title":"Large-scale association analyses identify host factors influencing human gut microbiome composition","volume":"53","author":"Kurilshikov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32404-7","article-title":"Peptic ulcer disease","volume":"390","author":"Lanas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3034","article-title":"Mendelian randomization: using genes as instruments for making causal inferences in epidemiology","volume":"27","author":"Lawlor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7985","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007985","article-title":"Bacterial microbiota profiling in gastritis without Helicobacter pylori infection or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B17","first-page":"165","article-title":"Peptic ulcer disease and H. pylori infection: common questions and answers","volume":"107","author":"McConaghy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Phys."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280210394459","article-title":"Using multiple genetic variants as instrumental variables for modifiable risk factors","volume":"21","author":"Palmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stat. Methods Med. Res."},{"key":"B19","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Peptic ulcer disease","volume":"76","author":"Ramakrishnan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Phys."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","article-title":"Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases","volume":"50","author":"Verbanck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667097","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.667097","article-title":"Causal effects of gut microbiome on systemic lupus erythematosus: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"12","author":"Xiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938608","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.938608","article-title":"Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastrointestinal microecology","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1277300\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T05:31:24Z","timestamp":1704951084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1277300\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1277300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1277300","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"article-number":"1277300"}}