{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T13:32:57Z","timestamp":1775136777657,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>African animal trypanosomiasis hinders sustainable livestock productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. About 17 million infected cattle are treated with trypanocides annually but most of the drugs are associated with drawbacks, necessitating the search for a promising chemotherapeutic agent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, the effects of \u03b2-sitosterol on <jats:italic>Trypanosoma congolense<\/jats:italic> infection were investigated along with its effect on the trans-sialidase gene expressions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral treatment with \u03b2-sitosterol at 15 and 30\u2009mg\/kg body weight (BW) for 14\u2009days significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) reduced parasitemia and ameliorated the parasite-induced anemia. Also, the parasite-induced increase in serum urea level and renal histopathological damage scores in addition to renal hypertrophy was significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) reverted following treatment with 30\u2009mg\/kg BW \u03b2-sitosterol. The compound also significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) down-regulated the expression of <jats:italic>TconTS1<\/jats:italic> but not <jats:italic>TconTS2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TconTS3<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>TconTS4<\/jats:italic>. Correlation analysis between free serum sialic acid with the <jats:italic>TconTS1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TconTS2<\/jats:italic> gene variants revealed negative correlations in the \u03b2-sitosterol-treated groups although they were non-significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05) in the group treated with 15\u2009mg\/kg BW \u03b2-sitosterol. Similarly, a non-significant negative (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05) correlation between the biomolecule and the <jats:italic>TconTS3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TconTS4<\/jats:italic> gene variants was observed in the \u03b2-sitosterol-treated groups while positive correlations were observed in the infected untreated control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The observed effect of \u03b2-sitosterol on <jats:italic>T. congolense<\/jats:italic> infection could make the compound a possible template for the design of novel trypanocides.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1282257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T09:24:56Z","timestamp":1695893096000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Therapeutic efficacy of \u03b2-sitosterol treatment on Trypanosoma congolense infection, anemia development, and trans-sialidase (TconTS1) gene expression"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Suleiman","family":"Aminu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria Dada","family":"Chechet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samia S.","family":"Alkhalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Sobeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Daoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mthokozisi B.","family":"Simelane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elewechi","family":"Onyike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Auwal","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.14303\/irjpp.2013.035","article-title":"Effects of dietary vitamins C and E oral administration on body temperature, body weight and haematological parameters in wistar rats infected with T. b. 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