{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T15:47:42Z","timestamp":1764604062103,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reducing the colonization of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> in turkeys is critical to mitigating the risk of its contamination at later stages of production. Given the increased susceptibility of newly hatched poults to <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> colonization, it is crucial to implement interventions that target potential transmission routes, including drinking water. As no individual intervention explored to date is known to eliminate <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, the United States Department of Agriculture-Food Safety Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) recommends employing multiple hurdles to achieve a more meaningful reduction and minimize the potential emergence of resistance. Probiotics and plant-derived antimicrobials (PDAs) have demonstrated efficacy as interventions against <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> in poultry. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the use of turkey-derived <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> probiotics (LB; a mixture of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus salivarius<\/jats:italic> UMNPBX2 and <jats:italic>L. ingluviei<\/jats:italic> UMNPBX19 isolated from turkey ileum) and a PDA, <jats:italic>trans-<\/jats:italic>cinnamaldehyde (TC), alone and in combination (CO), against <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Heidelberg in turkey drinking water and poults. The presence of 5% nutrient broth or cecal contents as contaminants in water resulted in <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Heidelberg growth. TC eliminated <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Heidelberg, regardless of the contaminants present. In contrast, the cecal contents led to increased survival of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> in the CO group. Unlike TC, LB was most effective against <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Heidelberg when the nutrient broth was present, suggesting the role of secondary metabolites in its mechanism of action. In the experiments with poults, individual TC and LB supplementation reduced cecal <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Heidelberg in challenged poults by 1.2- and 1.7-log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> colony-forming units (CFU)\/g cecal contents, respectively. Their combination yielded an additive effect, reducing <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Heidelberg by 2.7 log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> CFU\/g of cecal contents compared to the control (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.05). However, the impact of TC and LB on the translocation of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Heidelberg to the liver was more significant than CO. TC and LB are effective preharvest interventions against <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Heidelberg in poultry production. Nonetheless, further investigations are needed to determine the optimum application method and its efficacy in adult turkeys.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1337428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T05:03:00Z","timestamp":1709701380000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Combination of autochthonous Lactobacillus strains and trans-Cinnamaldehyde in water reduces Salmonella Heidelberg in turkey poults"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Grace","family":"Dewi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shijinaraj","family":"Manjankattil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Peichel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Noll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Cardona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anup","family":"Kollanoor Johny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10463","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010463","article-title":"The increase of Lactobacillus species in the gut Flora of newborn broiler chicks and ducks is associated with weight gain","volume":"5","author":"Angelakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2007.04.016","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. caecal colonization in broiler chicken and turkey flocks slaughtered in Quebec, Canada","volume":"81","author":"Arsenault","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prev. 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