{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:49:17Z","timestamp":1793396957774,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometritis occurs frequently in humans and animals, which can negatively affect fertility and cause preterm parturition syndrome. Orally administered <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic>, a butyrate-producing gram-positive anaerobe, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. However, the precise mechanism by which <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> attenuates endometritis remains unclear. This <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of orally administered <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> on uterine tissues. In addition, we conducted uterine microbiome and lipid metabolome analyses to determine the underlying mechanisms. Female Balb\/c mice were divided into the following four groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095\u201320): (1) mock group, (2) only operation group (mice only underwent operation to exposed uterine horns from the side), (3) control group (mice underwent the same operation with the operation group + perfusion of lipopolysaccharide solution from uterine horns), and (4) <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> administration group (mice underwent the same operation with the control group + oral <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> administration from days 0 to 9). <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> was administered via oral gavage. On day 10, we investigated protein expression, uterine microbiome, and lipid metabolism in uterine tissues. Consequently, orally administered <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> altered the uterine microbiome and induced proliferation of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Limosilactobacillus<\/jats:italic> species. The effects can contribute to show the anti-inflammatory effect through the interferon-\u03b2 upregulation in uterine tissues. Additionally, oral <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> administration resulted in the upregulations of some lipid metabolites, such as \u03c9-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid resolvin D5, in uterine tissues, and resolvin D5 showed anti-inflammatory effects. However, the orally administered <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> induced anti-inflammatory effect was attenuated with the deletion of G protein-coupled receptor 120 and 15-lipooxgenase inhibition. In conclusion, <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> in the gut has anti-inflammatory effects on uterine tissues through alterations in the uterine microbiome and lipid metabolism. This study revealed a gut-uterus axis mechanism and provided insights into the treatment and prophylaxis of endometritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1351899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T05:43:42Z","timestamp":1708494222000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Oral Clostridium butyricum on mice endometritis through uterine microbiome and metabolic alternations"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mao","family":"Hagihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Ariyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Eguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motomichi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takumi","family":"Umemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narimi","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Hirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Asai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshige","family":"Mikamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587725","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.587725","article-title":"Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588-induced Protectin D1 has an anti-inflammatory effect on antibiotic-induced intestinal disorder","volume":"11","author":"Ariyoshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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