{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:28:32Z","timestamp":1789014512703,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Genomics can be used to study the complex relationships between hosts and their microbiota. Many bacteria cannot be cultured in the laboratory, making it difficult to obtain adequate amounts of bacterial DNA and to limit host DNA contamination for the construction of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). For example, <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> is a genus of exclusively obligate intracellular bacteria that live in a wide range of arthropods and some nematodes. While <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> endosymbionts are frequently described as facultative reproductive parasites in arthropods, the bacteria are obligate mutualistic endosymbionts of filarial worms. Here, we achieve 50-fold enrichment of bacterial sequences using ATAC-seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing) with <jats:italic>Brugia malayi<\/jats:italic> nematodes, containing <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>Bm). ATAC-seq uses the Tn5 transposase to cut and attach Illumina sequencing adapters to accessible DNA lacking histones, typically thought to be open chromatin. Bacterial and mitochondrial DNA in the lysates are also cut preferentially since they lack histones, leading to the enrichment of these sequences. The benefits of this include minimal tissue input (&amp;lt;1\u2009mg of tissue), a quick protocol (&amp;lt;4\u2009h), low sequencing costs, less bias, correct assembly of lateral gene transfers and no prior sequence knowledge required. We assembled the <jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>Bm genome with as few as 1 million Illumina short paired-end reads with &amp;gt;97% coverage of the published genome, compared to only 12% coverage with the standard gDNA libraries. We found significant bacterial sequence enrichment that facilitated genome assembly in previously published ATAC-seq data sets from human cells infected with <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic> contaminated with their food source, the OP50 strain of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>. These results demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of using ATAC-seq to easily obtain bacterial genomes to aid in symbiosis, infectious disease, and microbiome research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1352378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T04:29:52Z","timestamp":1707971392000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Improved metagenome assemblies through selective enrichment of bacterial genomic DNA from eukaryotic host genomic DNA using ATAC-seq"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lindsey J.","family":"Cantin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie C.","family":"Dunning Hotopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy M.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4197","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121190109","article-title":"Adaptive horizontal transfer of a bacterial gene to an invasive insect pest of coffee","volume":"109","author":"Acu\u00f1a","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. 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