{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T02:20:08Z","timestamp":1789438808785,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacteriophages (phages), viruses that infect bacteria, are found in abundance not only in the environment but also in the human body. The use of phages for the diagnosis of melioidosis, a tropical infectious disease caused by <jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>, is emerging as a promising novel approach, but our understanding of conditions under which <jats:italic>Burkholderia<\/jats:italic> prophages can be induced remains limited. Here, we first demonstrated the isolation of <jats:italic>Burkholderia<\/jats:italic> phages from the hemocultures of melioidosis patients. The <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>-positive hemoculture bottles were filtered to remove bacteria, and then phages were isolated and purified by spot and double agar overlay plaque assays. Forty blood samples (hemoculture-confirmed melioidosis) were tested, and phages were found in 30% of the samples. Transmission electron microscopy and genome analysis of the isolated phages, vB_HM387 and vB_HM795, showed that both phages are Myoviruses. These two phages were stable at a pH of 5\u20137 and temperatures of 25\u201337\u00b0C, suggesting their ability to survive in human blood. The genome sizes of vB_HM387 and vB_HM795 are 36.3 and 44.0\u2009kb, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that vB_HM387 has homologs, but vB_HM795 is a novel Myovirus, suggesting the heterogeneity of <jats:italic>Burkholderia<\/jats:italic> phages in melioidosis patients. The key finding that <jats:italic>Burkholderia<\/jats:italic> phages could be isolated from the blood of melioidosis patients highlights the potential application of phage-based assays by detecting phages in blood as a pathogen-derived biomarker of infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1361121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T05:28:33Z","timestamp":1712035713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Induced Burkholderia prophages detected from the hemoculture: a biomarker for Burkholderia pseudomallei infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Patoo","family":"Withatanung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujintana","family":"Janesomboon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muthita","family":"Vanaporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerachat","family":"Muangsombut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorujsiri","family":"Charoensudjai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dave J.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanaporn","family":"Wuthiekanun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edouard E.","family":"Galyov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha R. J.","family":"Clokie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozan","family":"Gundogdu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunee","family":"Korbsrisate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2480","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02480","article-title":"Prophage Rs551 and its repressor gene orf14 reduce virulence and increase competitive fitness of its Ralstonia solanacearum carrier strain UW551","volume":"8","author":"Ahmad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000408","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000408","article-title":"The defective prophage pool of Escherichia coli O157: prophage-prophage interactions potentiate horizontal transfer of virulence determinants","volume":"5","author":"Asadulghani","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765x.2003.01262.x","article-title":"Bacteriophage isolation from human saliva","volume":"36","author":"Bachrach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Physiology","author":"Balli","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","article-title":"SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing","volume":"19","author":"Bankevich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comput. Biol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12565","article-title":"A bacteriophages journey through the human body","volume":"279","author":"Barr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnw002","article-title":"Host receptors for bacteriophage adsorption","volume":"363","author":"Bertozzi Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6737","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63432-7","article-title":"Unravelling the consequences of the bacteriophages in human samples","volume":"10","author":"Blanco-Picazo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2016.79","article-title":"Prophages mediate defense against phage infection through diverse mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Bondy-Denomy","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5402","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16638","article-title":"The effect of a temperature-sensitive prophage on the evolution of virulence in an opportunistic bacterial pathogen","volume":"31","author":"Bruneaux","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.68.3.560-602.2004","article-title":"Phages and the evolution of bacterial pathogens: from genomic rearrangements to lysogenic conversion","volume":"68","author":"Br\u00fcssow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6968.12032","article-title":"Identification of type II toxin-antitoxin modules in Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"338","author":"Butt","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.67.2.238-276.2003","article-title":"Prophage genomics","volume":"67","author":"Canchaya","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15678","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015678","article-title":"Prophage spontaneous activation promotes DNA release enhancing biofilm formation in Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"5","author":"Carrolo","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03580.x","article-title":"Prophages and bacterial genomics: what have we learned so far?","volume":"49","author":"Casjens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"51","article-title":"A simple procedure for the identification of the genus Salmonella by means of a specific bacteriophage","volume":"44","author":"Cherry","year":"1954","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Bacteriophages: methods and protocols. Volume 1: Isolation, characterization, and interactions","volume-title":"Methods in molecular biology","author":"Clokie","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e799","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000799","article-title":"Phage-antibiotic synergy (PAS): beta-lactam and quinolone antibiotics stimulate virulent phage growth","volume":"2","author":"Comeau","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e900","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000900","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical spectrum of melioidosis: 540 cases from the 20 year Darwin prospective study","volume":"4","author":"Currie","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000908","article-title":"Bacteriophage-associated genes responsible for the widely divergent phenotypes of variants of Burkholderia pseudomallei strain MSHR5848","volume":"68","author":"DeShazer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s13353-019-00525-8","article-title":"Efficiency of induction of Shiga-toxin lambdoid prophages in Escherichia coli due to oxidative and antibiotic stress depends on the combination of prophage and the bacterial strain","volume":"61","author":"Filipiak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. App. Genet."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0473-6-11","article-title":"CONTIGuator: a bacterial genomes finishing tool for structural insights on draft genomes","volume":"6","author":"Galardini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Source Code Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-366","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of a novel podovirus which infects Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"8","author":"Gatedee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2116130","article-title":"Multistate outbreak of melioidosis associated with imported aromatherapy spray","volume":"386","author":"Gee","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab007","article-title":"Clinker & clustermap.Js: automatic generation of gene cluster comparison figures","volume":"37","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-023-01406-x","article-title":"Phage diversity in cell-free DNA identifies bacterial pathogens in human sepsis cases","volume":"8","author":"Haddock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01120","article-title":"The Burkholderia thailandensis phages \u03a6E058 and \u03a6E067 represent distinct prototypes of a new subgroup of temperate Burkholderia myoviruses","volume":"11","author":"Hammerl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01578","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01578-15","article-title":"The human skin double-stranded DNA virome: topographical and temporal diversity, genetic enrichment, and dynamic associations with the host microbiome","volume":"6","author":"Hannigan","year":"2015","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1088157","article-title":"Toxins-antitoxins: plasmid maintenance, pro ed cell death, and cell cycle arrest","volume":"301","author":"Hayes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/s0966-842x(00)01863-1","article-title":"The origins and ongoing evolution of viruses","volume":"8","author":"Hendrix","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14240","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403302101","article-title":"Genomic plasticity of the causative agent of melioidosis, Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"101","author":"Holden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Physiology, acid base balance","author":"Hopkins","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02772","article-title":"vB_PaeM_MIJ3, a novel jumbo phage infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa, possesses unusual genomic features","volume":"10","author":"Imam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539508","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.05.04.539508","article-title":"Prophage rates in the human microbiome vary by body site and host health","volume":"2023","author":"Inglis","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07641-9","article-title":"High throughput ANI analysis of 90K prokaryotic genomes reveals clear species boundaries","volume":"9","author":"Jain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00159","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00159-15","article-title":"Complete genome sequences for 59 Burkholderia isolates, both pathogenic and near neighbor","volume":"3","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Announc."},{"key":"ref37","author":"Joshi","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2008.00136.x","article-title":"Genomic islands: tools of bacterial horizontal gene transfer and evolution","volume":"33","author":"Juhas","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref39","author":"Kanokudomsin","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkf436","article-title":"MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"A novel phage technology for the detection of","author":"Kingery","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2011.04.015","article-title":"Acute melioid community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"15","author":"Kung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-289","article-title":"\u03c6X216, a P2-like bacteriophage with broad Burkholderia pseudomallei and B. mallei strain infectivity","volume":"12","author":"Kvitko","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/11.3.413","article-title":"Melioidosis: review and update","volume":"11","author":"Leelarasamee","year":"1989","journal-title":"Rev. Inf. Dis."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W293","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab301","article-title":"Interactive tree of life (iTOL) v5: an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation","volume":"49","author":"Letunic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3578368","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3578368","article-title":"Oxidative stress in Shiga toxin production by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli","volume":"2016","author":"Licznerska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Long."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11050570","article-title":"Phage-antibiotic therapy as a promising strategy to combat multidrug-resistant infections and to enhance antimicrobial efficiency","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2009.09.006","article-title":"Differential efficiency of induction of various lambdoid prophages responsible for production of Shiga toxins in response to different induction agents","volume":"47","author":"Lo\u015b","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8122012","article-title":"The presence of bacteriophages in the human body: good, bad or neutral?","volume":"8","author":"\u0141usiak-Szelachowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.5.2115-2120.2004","article-title":"Development of a bacteriophage phage replication assay for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"42","author":"McNerney","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00738","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00738-17","article-title":"Bacteriophages of the urinary microbiome","volume":"200","author":"Miller-Ensminger","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12450","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300833110","article-title":"Rapid evolution of the human gut virome","volume":"110","author":"Minot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D412","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa913","article-title":"Pfam: the protein families database in 2021","volume":"49","author":"Mistry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2021.1896919","article-title":"Bacteriophage isolation from human saliva: a pilot study with high school students","volume":"53","author":"Nascimento","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00566","article-title":"Phages in the human body","volume":"8","author":"Navarro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx157","article-title":"ViPTree: the viral proteomic tree server","volume":"33","author":"Nishimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.169","article-title":"Evidence of a robust resident bacteriophage population revealed through analysis of the human salivary virome","volume":"6","author":"Pride","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-202","article-title":"Genetic and phenotypic diversity in Burkholderia: contributions by prophage and phage-like elements","volume":"10","author":"Ronning","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.10.944","article-title":"Artemis: sequence visualization and annotation","volume":"16","author":"Rutherford","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454","article-title":"The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref61","volume-title":"Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual","author":"Sambrook","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4161\/bact.19274","article-title":"Phage-based platforms for the clinical detection of human bacterial pathogens","volume":"2","author":"Schofield","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bacteriophage"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","article-title":"Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation","volume":"30","author":"Seemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11337","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011337","article-title":"Rapid and sensitive detection of Yersinia pestis using amplification of plague diagnostic bacteriophages monitored by real-time PCR","volume":"5","author":"Sergueev","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651217","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.651217","article-title":"Targeting multicopy prophage genes for the increased detection of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato (s.l.), the causative agents of Lyme disease, in blood","volume":"12","author":"Shan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00060-09","article-title":"Shiga toxin 2 is specifically released from bacterial cells by two different mechanisms","volume":"77","author":"Shimizu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01178-w","article-title":"Viral biogeography of the mammalian gut and parenchymal organs","volume":"7","author":"Shkoporov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2018090118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2018090118","article-title":"Sialoglycan recognition is a common connection linking acidosis, zinc, and HMGB1 in sepsis","volume":"118","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R89","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2010-11-8-r89","article-title":"Genomic acquisition of a capsular polysaccharide virulence cluster by non-pathogenic Burkholderia isolates","volume":"11","author":"Sim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"xtab003","DOI":"10.1093\/femsmc\/xtab003","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages from the human skin microbiome that infect Staphylococcus epidermidis","volume":"2","author":"Valente","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEMS. Microbes"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12177","article-title":"Involvement of toxin-antitoxin modules in Burkholderia cenocepacia biofilm persistence","volume":"71","author":"Van Acker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-022-01012-9","article-title":"A novel lytic phage potentially effective for phage therapy against Burkholderia pseudomallei in the tropics","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Poverty"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0135696","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135696","article-title":"Functional RelBE-family toxin-antitoxin pairs affect biofilm maturation and intestine colonization in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.20.5.881-883.1984","article-title":"Variability in CO2, O2, and pH levels in blood culture bottles from five different manufacturers","volume":"20","author":"Welch","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005595","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005595","article-title":"Unicycler: resolving bacterial genome assemblies from short and long sequencing reads","volume":"13","author":"Wick","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1385","article-title":"Melioidosis: insights into the pathogenicity of Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"4","author":"Wiersinga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17107","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.107","article-title":"Melioidosis","volume":"4","author":"Wiersinga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02785-14","article-title":"Colony morphology variation of Burkholderia pseudomallei is associated with antigenic variation and O-polysaccharide modification","volume":"83","author":"Wikraiphat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005005","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005005","article-title":"Analyses of the distribution patterns of Burkholderia pseudomallei and associated phages in soil samples in Thailand suggest that phage presence reduces the frequency of bacterial isolation","volume":"10","author":"Withatanung","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062682","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1062682","article-title":"Genome-wide transposon mutagenesis analysis of Burkholderia pseudomallei reveals essential genes for in vitro and in vivo survival","volume":"12","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.812","article-title":"Quantitation of B. pseudomallei in clinical samples","volume":"77","author":"Wuthiekanun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13138","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111661200","article-title":"Characterization and expression analysis of Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity island 3. Implications for the evolution of staphylococcal pathogenicity islands","volume":"277","author":"Yarwood","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2010.02150.x","article-title":"Novel lytic bacteriophages from soil that lyse Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"314","author":"Yordpratum","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708580","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.708580","article-title":"Are bacterial persisters dormant cells only?","volume":"12","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1361121\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T05:28:38Z","timestamp":1712035718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1361121\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1361121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1361121","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"article-number":"1361121"}}