{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T05:52:00Z","timestamp":1771480320648,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>) is closely associated with the occurrence of puerperal metritis in dairy cows. <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> carries some the virulence and multi-drug resistant genes, which pose a serious threat to the health of postpartum cows. In this study, <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> was isolated and identified from the uterine contents of postpartum cows with puerperal metritis in the Ningxia region of China, and its phylogenetic subgroups were determined. Meanwhile, virulence and drug resistance genes carried by <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and drug sensitivity were detected, and the characteristics of virulence and drug resistance genes distribution in <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> phylogroups were further analyzed. The results showed that the isolation rate of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> in puerperal metritis samples was 95.2%. <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> was mainly divided into phylogroups B2 and D, followed by groups A and B1, and was more connected to O157:H7, O169:H4, and ECC-1470 type strains. The virulence genes were mainly dominated by <jats:italic>ompF<\/jats:italic> (100%), <jats:italic>traT<\/jats:italic> (100%), <jats:italic>fimH<\/jats:italic> (97%), <jats:italic>papC<\/jats:italic> (96%), <jats:italic>csgA<\/jats:italic> (95%), <jats:italic>Ang43<\/jats:italic> (93.9%), and <jats:italic>ompC<\/jats:italic> (93%), and the resistance genes were dominated by <jats:italic>TEM<\/jats:italic> (99%), <jats:italic>tetA<\/jats:italic> (71.7%), <jats:italic>aac(3)II<\/jats:italic> (66.7%), and <jats:italic>cmlA<\/jats:italic> (53.5%). Additionally, it was observed that the virulence and resistance gene phenotypes could be divided into two subgroups, with subgroup B2 and D having the highest distributions. Drug sensitivity tests also revealed that the <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> was most sensitive to the fluoroquinolones enrofloxacin, followed by macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, \u03b2-lactams, peptides and sulfonamides, and least sensitive to lincosamides. These results imply that pathogenic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, which induces puerperal metritis of dairy cows in the Ningxia region of China, primarily belongs to the group B2 and D, contains multiple virulence and drug resistance genes, Moreover, <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> has evolved resistance to several drugs including penicillin, lincomycin, cotrimoxazole, and streptomycin. It will offer specific guidelines reference for the prevention and treatment of puerperal metritis in dairy cows with <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> infections in the Ningxia region of China.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1364373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T05:30:20Z","timestamp":1713331820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Population characteristics of pathogenic Escherichia coli in puerperal metritis of dairy cows in Ningxia region of China: a systemic taxa distribution of virulence factors and drug resistance genes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shihao","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baolong","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guiqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuangyan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongxi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingang","family":"Dan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S241073","article-title":"Prevalence of virulence genes and their association with antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic E. coli isolated from egyptian patients with different clinical infections","volume":"13","author":"Abd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2022.105380","article-title":"Phylogenetic group and virulence profile classification in Escherichia coli from distinct isolation sources in mexico","volume":"106","author":"Aguirre-Sanchez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. 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