{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:09:00Z","timestamp":1793394540232,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria is one of the main concerns in the health sector worldwide. The conventional strategies for treatment and prophylaxis against microbial infections include the use of antibiotics. However, these drugs are failing due to the increasing antimicrobial resistance. The unavailability of effective antibiotics highlights the need to discover effective alternatives to combat bacterial infections. One option is the use of metallic nanoparticles, which are toxic to some microorganisms due to their nanometric size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study we (1) synthesize and characterize bismuth and silver nanoparticles, (2) evaluate the antibacterial activity of NPs against\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      in several infection models (\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      models: infected wound and sepsis and\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      model: mastitis), and we (3) determine the cytotoxic effect on several cell lines representative of the skin tissue.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We obtained bimetallic nanoparticles of bismuth and silver in a stable aqueous solution from a single reaction by chemical synthesis. These nanoparticles show antibacterial activity on\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      without cytotoxic effects on fibroblast, endothelial vascular, and mammary epithelium cell lines. In an infected-wound mice model, antibacterial effect was observed, without effect on\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      mastitis and sepsis models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1376669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T01:00:20Z","timestamp":1712538020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Antibacterial efficacy of novel bismuth-silver nanoparticles synthesis on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli infection models"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Beatriz Elena","family":"Castro-Valenzuela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mois\u00e9s Armides","family":"Franco-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana Ginette","family":"Z\u00e1rate-Trivi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Licet","family":"Villarreal-Trevi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge R.","family":"Kawas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola Leonor","family":"Garc\u00eda-Coronado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Sobrevilla-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Effects of silver nanoparticles on\u2009Staphylococcus aureus\u2009contaminated open wounds healing in mice: an experimental study","volume":"8","author":"Adibhesami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Forum"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"661","article-title":"The effect of silver nanoparticles on wounds contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice: an experimental study","volume":"16","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.148402","article-title":"Anti-biofilm efficacy of silver nanoparticles against MRSA and MRSE isolated from wounds in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"33","author":"Ansari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00412","article-title":"Bimetallic nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications","volume":"8","author":"Arora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.071","article-title":"Macromolecular agents with antimicrobial potentialities: a drive to combat antimicrobial resistance","volume":"103","author":"Bilal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9451","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14835","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from mastitis in dairy cattle in France, 2006\u20132016","volume":"101","author":"Boireau","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2002.0724","article-title":"Bovine mastitis: an evolving disease","volume":"164","author":"Bradley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.6034","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance development following surgical site infections","volume":"15","author":"C\u0103lina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S196472","article-title":"Shape-dependent antimicrobial activities of silver nanoparticles","volume":"14","author":"Cheon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial Susceptebility testing: Twenty-third informational supplement M100-S23","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-020-06427-0","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of bismuth nanoparticles in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7","volume":"31","author":"da Luz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2102","DOI":"10.21859\/ijb.2102","article-title":"Inhibitory Effect of Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles Produced by Bacillus licheniformis on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains (MRSA)","volume":"16","author":"Dalvand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13040876","article-title":"Use of a Hydroalcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves for the green synthesis of bismuth nanoparticles and evaluation of their anti-microbial and antioxidant activities","volume":"13","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/186716","article-title":"Use of miRNAs as biomarkers in sepsis","volume":"2015","author":"Dumache","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Cell. Pathol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2021.1893744","article-title":"Strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance from farm to Table","volume":"39","author":"Freeland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Rev. Intl."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2020.1817667","article-title":"Gentamicin encapsulated within a biopolymer for the treatment ofStaphylococcus Aureusandescherichia coliinfected skin ulcers","volume":"32","author":"Gemeinder","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11111282","article-title":"Incidence and treatments of bovine mastitis and other diseases on 37 dairy farms in Wisconsin","volume":"11","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"129","article-title":"Synergetic effect of Ag-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles on antimicrobial activity","volume":"6","author":"Gulam Mohammed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Der Pharm. Lett."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5900","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28155900","article-title":"Bismuth oxide composite-based agricultural waste for wound dressing applications","volume":"28","author":"Hassan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9493","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14824","article-title":"Pathogen-specific production losses in bovine mastitis","volume":"101","author":"Heikkil\u00e4","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.24275\/rmiq\/Bio1887","article-title":"Comparative and combinatorial study of biogenic bismuth nanoparticles with silver nanoparticles and doxycycline against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus BTCB02 and Salmonella typhi BTCB06","volume":"20","author":"Iftikhar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Mex. Ing. Qu\u00edm."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8511601","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8511601","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of bismuth oxide nanoparticles compared to amikacin against acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus","author":"Jawad","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02671975","article-title":"The ag-bi (silver-bismuth) system","volume":"14","author":"Karakaya","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Phase Equilibria"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63413","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063413","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Bacteria from milkmen and cows with clinical mastitis in and around Kampala, Uganda","volume":"8","author":"Kateete","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648560","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.648560","article-title":"Enhanced efficacy of some antibiotics in presence of silver nanoparticles against multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovered from burn wound infections","volume":"12","author":"Khalil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.12.036","article-title":"Polyhydroxy surfactants for the formulation of lipid nanoparticles (SLN and NLC): effects on size, physical stability and particle matrix structure","volume":"406","author":"Kovacevic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42998","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b17086","article-title":"Carbohydrate-coated gold\u2013silver nanoparticles for efficient elimination of multidrug resistant Bacteria andin VivoWound healing","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11071884","article-title":"Silver and copper nanoparticles inhibit biofilm formation by mastitis pathogens","volume":"11","author":"Lange","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr408","article-title":"In vitro antimicrobial studies of silver carbene complexes: activity of free and nanoparticle carbene formulations against clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria","volume":"67","author":"Leid","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.104165","article-title":"Effective treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection with silver nanoparticles and silver ions","volume":"80","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8322","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2010.3051","article-title":"One-dimensional single-crystalline bismuth oxide Micro\/nanoribbons: morphology-controlled synthesis and luminescent properties","volume":"10","author":"Ling","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s13671-018-0235-8","article-title":"Immune and inflammatory Reponses to Staphylococcus aureus skin infections","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Derm. Rep."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.18053\/jctres.201503.002","article-title":"Antibacterial photodynamic therapy: overview of a promising approach to fight antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4701","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-021-03835-5","article-title":"Biocompatibility and selective antibacterial activity of a bismuth phosphinato-nanocellulose hydrogel","volume":"28","author":"Maliha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12346","article-title":"Experimental models and methods for cutaneous wound healing assessment","volume":"101","author":"Masson-Meyers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering8050063","article-title":"Collagen in wound healing","volume":"8","author":"Mathew-Steiner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4161\/21505594.2014.991234","article-title":"Impact of virulence genes on sepsis severity and survival Inescherichia colibacteremia","volume":"6","author":"Mora-Rillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S153268","article-title":"In vitro biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds of hospital-admitted patients and their association with antimicrobial resistance","volume":"11","author":"Neopane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.01.035","article-title":"Sepsis","volume":"120","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"The review on antimicrobial resistance chaired by Jim O\u2019Neill","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2020.107106","article-title":"Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates with strong biofilm formation ability among animal-based food in Shanghai","volume":"112","author":"Ou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0849-4","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection and sepsis in a Norwegian county 1996\u20132011: an observational study","volume":"15","author":"Paulsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27498","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b08403","article-title":"Ag and cu monometallic and ag\/cu bimetallic nanoparticle\u2013graphene composites with enhanced antibacterial performance","volume":"8","author":"Perdikaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012020","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/786\/1\/012020","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles: influence of the temperature synthesis on the particles\u2019 morphology","volume":"786","author":"Pi\u00f1ero","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Physics Conf. Series"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e318181a343","article-title":"Experimental models of SEPSIS and their clinical relevance","volume":"30","author":"Poli-de-Figueiredo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20183562","article-title":"Detection of biofilm formation by Escherichia coli with its antibiogram profile","volume":"5","author":"Risal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Commun. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.6b11260","article-title":"Can silver be alloyed with bismuth on nanoscale? An optical and structural approach","volume":"121","author":"Ruiz-Ruiz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2019.f337","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility of staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis in Algeria","volume":"6","author":"Saidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7020036","article-title":"Molecular detection of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis Milk in Bangladesh","volume":"7","author":"Salauddin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaz6992","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz6992","article-title":"Biology of antimicrobial resistance and approaches to combat it","volume":"12","author":"Schrader","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-nbt.2018.5102","article-title":"Antimicrobial and anti\u2010biofilm activities of bi subnitrate and BiNPs produced byDelftiasp. SFG against clinical isolates Ofstaphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andProteus mirabilis","volume":"13","author":"Shakibaie","year":"2019","journal-title":"IET Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92812-w","article-title":"Noncytotoxic silver nanoparticles as a new antimicrobial strategy","volume":"11","author":"Sk\u00f3ra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2017.07.052","article-title":"Construction of p-n heterojunction \u03b2-Bi2O3\/BiVO4 nanocomposite with improved photoinduced charge transfer property and enhanced activity in degradation of ortho-dichlorobenzene","volume":"219","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ME01","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2014\/8925.4529","article-title":"Strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance","volume":"8","author":"Uchil","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13071682","article-title":"Wound dressings coated with silver nanoparticles and essential oils for the Management of Wound Infections","volume":"13","author":"Vasile","year":"2020","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s42490-020-00044-2","article-title":"Bismuth nanoparticles obtained by a facile synthesis method exhibit antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans","volume":"2","author":"V\u00e1zquez-Munoz","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200223","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.200223","article-title":"Wound healing: cellular mechanisms and pathological outcomes","volume":"10","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Biol."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2010.19.2.46966","article-title":"Chronic wounds and the medical biofilm paradigm","volume":"19","author":"Wolcott","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6244","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-14156","article-title":"Characteristics of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitis in China","volume":"101","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5711","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5711","article-title":"The anti-biofilm effect of silver-nanoparticle-decorated quercetin nanoparticles on a multi-drug Resistantescherichia colistrain isolated from a dairy cow with mastitis","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Peer J"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8101626","article-title":"A virus-derived immune modulating serpin accelerates wound closure with improved collagen remodeling","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1376669\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T01:00:27Z","timestamp":1712538027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1376669\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1376669"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1376669","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"article-number":"1376669"}}