{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:29:33Z","timestamp":1792621773849,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The commensal skin bacterium <jats:italic>Cutibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic> plays a role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris and also causes opportunistic infections of implanted medical devices due to its ability to form biofilms on biomaterial surfaces. Poly-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-(1\u21926)-<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-acetyl-D-glucosamine (PNAG) is an extracellular polysaccharide that mediates biofilm formation and biocide resistance in a wide range of bacterial pathogens. The objective of this study was to determine whether <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic> produces PNAG, and whether PNAG contributes to <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic> biofilm formation and biocide resistance <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PNAG was detected on the surface of <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic> cells by fluorescence confocal microscopy using the antigen-specific human IgG1 monoclonal antibody F598. PNAG was detected in <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic> biofilms by measuring the ability of the PNAG-specific glycosidase dispersin B to inhibit biofilm formation and sensitize biofilms to biocide killing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monoclonal antibody F598 bound to the surface of <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic> cells. Dispersin B inhibited attachment of <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic> cells to polystyrene rods, inhibited biofilm formation by <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic> in glass and polypropylene tubes, and sensitized <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic> biofilms to killing by benzoyl peroxide and tetracycline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic> produces PNAG, and PNAG contributes to <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic> biofilm formation and biocide resistance <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. PNAG may play a role in <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic> skin colonization, biocide resistance, and virulence <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1386017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T13:24:36Z","timestamp":1714569876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Poly-\u03b2-(1\u21926)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine mediates surface attachment, biofilm formation, and biocide resistance in Cutibacterium acnes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey B.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colette","family":"Cywes-Bentley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald B.","family":"Pier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandadeva","family":"Yakandawala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miloslav","family":"Sailer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc S.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalaf","family":"Kridin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00092-13","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes: from commensal to opportunistic biofilm-associated implant pathogen","volume":"27","author":"Achermann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. 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