{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:35:35Z","timestamp":1791945335381,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Marburg virus disease (MVD) presents a significant global health threat, lacking effective antivirals and with current supportive care offering limited therapeutic options. This mini review explores the emerging landscape of novel antiviral strategies against MVD, focusing on promising therapeutics currently in the development pipeline. We delve into direct-acting antiviral approaches, including small molecule inhibitors targeting viral entry, replication, and assembly, alongside nucleic acid antisense and RNA interference strategies. Host-targeting antivirals are also considered, encompassing immune modulators like interferons and cytokine\/chemokine modulators, broad-spectrum antivirals, and convalescent plasma and antibody-based therapies. The paper then examines preclinical and clinical development for the novel therapeutics, highlighting <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> models for antiviral evaluation, safety and efficacy assessments, and the critical stages of clinical trials. Recognizing the challenges of drug resistance and viral escape, the mini review underscores the potential of combination therapy strategies and emphasizes the need for rapid diagnostic tools to optimize treatment initiation. Finally, we discuss the importance of public health preparedness and equitable access to these promising therapeutics in achieving effective MVD control and global health security. This mini review presents a comprehensive overview of the burgeoning field of MVD antivirals, highlighting the potential of these novel approaches to reshape the future of MVD treatment and prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1387628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T04:58:59Z","timestamp":1714021139000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Novel antiviral approaches for Marburg: a promising therapeutics in the pipeline"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shriyansh","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumel","family":"Ashique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sathvik Belagodu","family":"Sridhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javedh","family":"Shareef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabin","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000163","article-title":"Marburg virus disease treatments and vaccines: recent gaps and implications","volume":"85","author":"Albakri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.3390\/v15081739","article-title":"Cheminformatics strategies unlock Marburg virus VP35 inhibitors from natural compound library","volume":"15","author":"Alsaady","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.000471","article-title":"Disease modeling for Ebola and Marburg viruses","volume":"2","author":"Bente","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5489","DOI":"10.3390\/v7102892","article-title":"The role of cytokines and chemokines in filovirus infection","volume":"7","author":"Bixler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2022.2013800","article-title":"The discovery and development of novel treatment strategies for filoviruses","volume":"17","author":"Bradfute","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref6","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref7","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9932","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01337-15","article-title":"Inhibition of Ebola and Marburg virus entry by G protein-coupled receptor antagonists","volume":"89","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22132-0","article-title":"Combination therapy protects macaques against advanced Marburg virus disease","volume":"12","author":"Cross","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1010805","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010805","article-title":"An introduction to the Marburg virus vaccine consortium, MARVAC","volume":"18","author":"Cross","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.251","article-title":"Post-exposure treatments for Ebola and Marburg virus infections","volume":"17","author":"Cross","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.03.001","article-title":"Current status of small molecule drug development for Ebola virus and other filoviruses","volume":"35","author":"Edwards","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3390\/v11010025","article-title":"Host and viral proteins modulating ebola and marburg virus egress","volume":"11","author":"Gordon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.10.015","article-title":"Asymptomatic infection of Marburg virus reservoir bats is explained by a strategy of immunoprotective disease tolerance","volume":"31","author":"Guito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091201","article-title":"Filovirus neutralising antibodies: mechanisms of action and therapeutic application","volume":"10","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.09.018","article-title":"Filovirus assembly and budding","volume":"344","author":"Hartlieb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref17","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0010220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010220","article-title":"The development of broad-spectrum antiviral medical countermeasures to treat viral hemorrhagic fevers caused by natural or weaponized virus infections","volume":"16","author":"Hickman","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13467","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01896-12","article-title":"Inhibition of Marburg virus budding by nonneutralizing antibodies to the envelope glycoprotein","volume":"86","author":"Kajihara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.07.042","article-title":"Marburg virus disease: a summary for clinicians","volume":"99","author":"Kortepeter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9940-8_12","article-title":"In vivo bioluminescent imaging of Marburg virus in a rodent model","author":"Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11121400","article-title":"Filoviruses: innate immunity, inflammatory cell death, and cytokines","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.12.022","article-title":"Filovirus proteins for antiviral drug discovery: structure\/function of proteins involved in assembly and budding","volume":"150","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref24","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7454","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c05996","article-title":"Repurposing the ebola and Marburg virus inhibitors tilorone, quinacrine, and pyronaridine: in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 and potential mechanisms","volume":"6","author":"Puhl","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.4236\/ojmm.2021.113015","article-title":"The possibility of nucleic acids to act as anti-viral therapeutic agents\u2014a review","volume":"11","author":"Reza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1021\/id5000426","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Ebola virus infection: current challenges and future hopes","volume":"1","author":"Rivera","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1009312","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009312","article-title":"Evidence for distinct mechanisms of small molecule inhibitors of filovirus entry","volume":"17","author":"Schafer","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.12.008","article-title":"Oligonucleotide antiviral therapeutics: antisense and RNA interference for highly pathogenic RNA viruses","volume":"78","author":"Spurgers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"20499361231208535","volume-title":"Recent Nipah virus outbreak in India: lessons and imperatives","author":"Srivastava","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11061093","article-title":"The global Monkeypox outbreak: a comprehensive review","volume":"11","author":"Srivastava","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s43162-024-00276-x","article-title":"Nipah virus strikes Kerala: recent cases and implications","volume":"36","author":"Srivastava","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239079","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1239079","article-title":"Emergence of Marburg virus: a global perspective on fatal outbreaks and clinical challenges","volume":"14","author":"Srivastava","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0349422","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03494-22","article-title":"Computed tomography imaging for monitoring of Marburg virus disease: a nonhuman primate proof-of-concept study","volume":"11","author":"Sword","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13122015","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotide-based therapy of viral infections","volume":"13","author":"Tarn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01857","article-title":"Directly acting antivirals for COVID-19: where do we stand?","volume":"11","author":"Teoh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit465","article-title":"Protection against lethal Marburg virus infection mediated by lipid encapsulated small interfering RNA","volume":"209","author":"Ursic-Bedoya","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref38","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4309","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02575-10","article-title":"Marburg virus VP40 antagonizes interferon signaling in a species-specific manner","volume":"85","author":"Valmas","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000721","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000721","article-title":"Marburg virus evades interferon responses by a mechanism distinct from ebola virus","volume":"6","author":"Valmas","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115761","article-title":"In vitro testing of host-targeting small molecule antiviral matriptase\/TMPRSS2 inhibitors in 2D and 3D cell-based assays","volume":"168","author":"van Eijk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2021.105059","article-title":"Identification of filovirus entry inhibitors targeting the endosomal receptor NPC1 binding site","volume":"189","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000875","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000875","article-title":"Electron tomography reveals the steps in filovirus budding","volume":"6","author":"Welsch","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref44","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2022.09.009","article-title":"Combination treatment of mannose and GalNAc conjugated small interfering RNA protects against lethal Marburg virus infection","volume":"31","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-019-00184-3","article-title":"Screening and identification of Marburg virus entry inhibitors using approved drugs","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.01.011","article-title":"Successful treatment of Marburg virus with orally administrated T-705 (Favipiravir) in a mouse model","volume":"151","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1387628\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T04:59:01Z","timestamp":1714021141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1387628\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1387628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1387628","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"article-number":"1387628"}}