{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T01:46:06Z","timestamp":1783043166343,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sepsis is a syndrome of organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and septic shock. Currently, antibiotic therapy is the standard treatment for sepsis, but it can lead to drug resistance. The disturbance of the gut microbiota which is affected by sepsis could lead to the development of organ failure. It is reported that probiotics could shape the gut microbiota, potentially controlling a variety of intestinal diseases and promoting whole-body health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we evaluated the preventive effects of intra- and extracellular products of probiotics on sepsis. The extracellular products of <jats:italic>Lactococcus lactis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>L. lactis<\/jats:italic>) were identified through the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> cell experiments. The preventive effect and mechanism of <jats:italic>L. lactis<\/jats:italic> extracellular products on mouse sepsis were further explored through HE staining, mouse survival rate measurement, chip analysis, etc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>L. lactis<\/jats:italic> extracellular products increase cell survival and significantly reduce inflammatory factors secreted in a cellular sepsis model. In <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> experiments in mice, our samples attenuated sepsis-induced pulmonary edema and inflammatory infiltrates in the lungs of mice, and reduced mortality and inflammatory factor levels within the serum of mice. Finally, the mechanism of sepsis prevention by lactic acid bacteria is suggested. Extracellular products of <jats:italic>L. lactis<\/jats:italic> could effectively prevent sepsis episodes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In animal experiments, we reported that extracellular products of <jats:italic>L. lactis<\/jats:italic> can effectively prevent sepsis, and preliminarily discussed the pathological mechanism, which provides more ideas for the prevention of sepsis. In the future, probiotics may be considered a new way to prevent sepsis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1404652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T04:43:35Z","timestamp":1721191415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The preventative effects of Lactococcus Lactis metabolites against LPS-induced sepsis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiulin","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaiyong","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunlun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baojun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e128","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e128","article-title":"Effects ofLactobacillus pentosusin children with allergen-sensitized atopic dermatitis","volume":"35","author":"Ahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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